Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rinnaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Two main etymological pathways have been proposed.
- Most likely from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to undulate, churn”), either via either a nasal-infix present *h₃ri-né-H-ti or a *-néwti present *h₃riH-néw-ti.[1][2]
- These forms are supported by cognates Sanskrit रिणाति (rinā́ti, “to make turbulent, cause to flow”), Ancient Greek ὀρί̄νω (orí̄nō, “to churn up”), and Russian ри́нуться (rínutʹsja, “to rush”).
- Under this etymology, further cognates outside Germanic include Middle Irish rian (“river, way”), Proto-Slavic *rěka (“river”), Latin rivus (“stream”), and Gaulish Rēnos (“that which flows”), which is the source of the name of the river Rhine.
- Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti (“to flow, move, run”).[3][4][5], whence also Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “course, way”).
Either way, both paths ultimately trace back to the same root, *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*rinnaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *rinnō | *rinnaų | — | *rinnai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *rinnizi | *rinnaiz | *rinn | *rinnazai | *rinnaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *rinnidi | *rinnai | *rinnadau | *rinnadai | *rinnaidau | |
| 1st dual | *rinnōz | *rinnaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *rinnadiz | *rinnaidiz | *rinnadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *rinnamaz | *rinnaim | — | *rinnandai | *rinnaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *rinnid | *rinnaid | *rinnid | *rinnandai | *rinnaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *rinnandi | *rinnain | *rinnandau | *rinnandai | *rinnaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *rann | *runnį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *rannt | *runnīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *rann | *runnī | ||||
| 1st dual | *runnū | *runnīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *runnudiz | *runnīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *runnum | *runnīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *runnud | *runnīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *runnun | *runnīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *rinnandz | *runnanaz | ||||
Derived terms
- *birinnaną
- *garinnaną
- *randijō
- *rannaz
- *rannijaną
- *rannislō
- *runilaz
- *runiz
- *runnōną
- *runsiz
Descendants
Many of these descendants have taken the present stem ren- from the causative.
- Proto-West Germanic: *rinnan
- Old Norse: rinna, renna
- Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan)
- → Latin: haliurunna (uncertain etymology, but possibly from *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrunna, “witch, one who travels to the netherworld”))
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃rei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 305-6
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*rinnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 413-414
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*rennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302
- ^ The template Template:R:gem:PIEPG does not use the parameter(s):
vol=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[3], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242 - ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970), “RENN-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 375-77