Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Closely related to the strong verb *spurnaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspur.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spurnijaną

to spur; push; kick

Inflection

Conjugation of *spurnijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spurnijō	*spurnijaų	—	*spurnijai	?
2nd singular	*spurnīsi	*spurnijais	*spurnī	*spurnijasai	*spurnijaisau
3rd singular	*spurnīþi	*spurnijai	*spurnijaþau	*spurnijaþai	*spurnijaiþau
1st dual	*spurnijōs	*spurnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spurnijaþiz	*spurnijaiþiz	*spurnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spurnijamaz	*spurnijaim	—	*spurnijanþai	*spurnijainþau
2nd plural	*spurnīþ	*spurnijaiþ	*spurnīþ	*spurnijanþai	*spurnijainþau
3rd plural	*spurnijanþi	*spurnijain	*spurnijanþau	*spurnijanþai	*spurnijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spurnidǭ	*spurnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*spurnidēz	*spurnidēdīz
3rd singular	*spurnidē	*spurnidēdī
1st dual	*spurnidēdū	*spurnidēdīw
2nd dual	*spurnidēdudiz	*spurnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*spurnidēdum	*spurnidēdīm
2nd plural	*spurnidēdud	*spurnidēdīd
3rd plural	*spurnidēdun	*spurnidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*spurnijandz	*spurnidaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *spurnijan
- Old English: spyrnan
  - Middle English: spirnen, spernen
- Old Dutch: *spurnen
  - ⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen
- Old High German: spurnen
  - Middle High German: spürnen
Old Norse: spyrna
- Icelandic: spyrna