Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stabnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *stabnō (“voice”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to make oneself be heard
  2. to tune an instrument
  3. to vote
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō *stabnijaų — *stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi *stabnijais *stabnī *stabnijasai *stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi *stabnijai *stabnijaþau *stabnijaþai *stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs *stabnijaiw — — —
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz *stabnijaiþiz *stabnijaþiz — —
1st plural *stabnijamaz *stabnijaim — *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ *stabnijaiþ *stabnīþ *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi *stabnijain *stabnijanþau *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ *stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz *stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē *stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū *stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz *stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum *stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud *stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun *stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz *stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
    • Old English: stemnan, stefnan
    • Old Frisian: *stemma
      • West Frisian: stimme
      • ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
    • Old Saxon: *stemnian
    • Old Dutch: *stemnen
    • >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
      • Middle High German: stimmen
      • ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen
  • Old Norse: stefna

Etymology 2

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to direct, steer
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō *stabnijaų — *stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi *stabnijais *stabnī *stabnijasai *stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi *stabnijai *stabnijaþau *stabnijaþai *stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs *stabnijaiw — — —
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz *stabnijaiþiz *stabnijaþiz — —
1st plural *stabnijamaz *stabnijaim — *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ *stabnijaiþ *stabnīþ *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi *stabnijain *stabnijanþau *stabnijanþai *stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ *stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz *stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē *stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū *stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz *stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum *stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud *stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun *stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz *stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
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