Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēpną (weapon) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈwɛːp.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēpnijaną

  1. to arm, take up weapons
  2. to provide with weapons

Inflection

Conjugation of *wēpnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wēpnijō *wēpnijaų *wēpnijai ?
2nd singular *wēpnīsi *wēpnijais *wēpnī *wēpnijasai *wēpnijaisau
3rd singular *wēpnīþi *wēpnijai *wēpnijaþau *wēpnijaþai *wēpnijaiþau
1st dual *wēpnijōs *wēpnijaiw
2nd dual *wēpnijaþiz *wēpnijaiþiz *wēpnijaþiz
1st plural *wēpnijamaz *wēpnijaim *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
2nd plural *wēpnīþ *wēpnijaiþ *wēpnīþ *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
3rd plural *wēpnijanþi *wēpnijain *wēpnijanþau *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wēpnidǭ *wēpnidēdį̄
2nd singular *wēpnidēz *wēpnidēdīz
3rd singular *wēpnidē *wēpnidēdī
1st dual *wēpnidēdū *wēpnidēdīw
2nd dual *wēpnidēdudiz *wēpnidēdīdiz
1st plural *wēpnidēdum *wēpnidēdīm
2nd plural *wēpnidēdud *wēpnidēdīd
3rd plural *wēpnidēdun *wēpnidēdīn
present past
participles *wēpnijandz *wēpnidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnijan
    • Old Saxon: *wāpanian
      • Middle Low German: wēpenen
    • Old Dutch: *wāpanen (could be from *wēpnōną instead)
    • Old High German: wāfanen
      • Middle High German: wæfenen, weffenen
  • Old Norse: væpna