Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēragangijô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēraz (“true”) +‎ *gangijô (“goer”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌwɛːrɑˈɣɑŋ.ɡi.jɔːː/

Noun

*wēragangijô m

foreigner (wanting protection)

Inflection

Declension of *wēragangijô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wēragangijô	*wēragangijaniz
vocative	*wēragangijô	*wēragangijaniz
accusative	*wēragangijanų	*wēragangijanunz
genitive	*wēragangijiniz	*wēragangijanǫ̂
dative	*wēragangijini	*wēragangijammaz
instrumental	*wēragangijinē	*wēragangijammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wāragangijō
- Old English: wǣrgenġa, wērgenġa
- Lombardic: waregango
  - → Medieval Latin: guaregangus, wargengus, warengangus
    - Italian: guargango
Old Norse: væringi, væringr^[1]^[2]
- → Medieval Latin: Varingus, Waringus
  - → Ancient Greek: Βάραγγος (Bárangos), Φάργανος (Phárganos)
    - Greek: Βάραγγος (Várangos)
    - → Old Church Slavonic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ)
      - → Old East Slavic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ) (learned)
        Old Ruthenian: варѧ́гъ (varjáh), вара́гъ (varáh)
        Belarusian: вара́г (varáh)
        Carpathian Rusyn: Варя́г (Varjáh)
        Ukrainian: варя́г (varjáh)
        Russian: варя́г (varjág) (see there for further descendants)
    - → English: Varangian (learned)
- → Icelandic: væringi (learned)
- → Faroese: væringi (learned)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: væring (learned)
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: væring (learned)
- → Swedish: väring (learned)
- → Danish: væring (learned)

References

^ Jan de Vries (1977) [1957–1960], “væringi”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 3rd edition, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 469: “< *wáragangja-)”
^ Amory, Frederic (1990-1993), “Review of Hellas og Norge. Kontakt, Komparasjon, Kontrast.”, in Saga-Book, volume XXIII, Viking Society for Northern Research, page 406: “*wēragangian”

[1] Jan de Vries (1977) [1957–1960], “væringi”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 3rd edition, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 469: “< *wáragangja-)”

[2] Amory, Frederic (1990-1993), “Review of Hellas og Norge. Kontakt, Komparasjon, Kontrast.”, in Saga-Book, volume XXIII, Viking Society for Northern Research, page 406: “*wēragangian”

[1]

[2]