Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waikwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

By surface analysis, *wīkwaną (to yield, buckle, fold) +‎ *-az (adjectival), probably reflecting Proto-Indo-European *h₃woyg-wo-s and *h₃woyg-o-s (the latter either a late variant or a separate o-stem derivation directly from the root), with sense development giving way > weak, pliable.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑi̯.kʷɑz/

Adjective

*waikwaz

  1. weak, soft, pliable

Inflection

Declension of *waikwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *waikwaz *waikwō *waikwą, -atō *waikwai *waikwôz *waikwō
accusative *waikwanǭ *waikwǭ *waikwą, -atō *waikwanz *waikwōz *waikwō
genitive *waikwas, -is *waikwaizōz *waikwas, -is *waikwaizǫ̂ *waikwaizǫ̂ *waikwaizǫ̂
dative *waikwammai *waikwaizōi *waikwammai *waikwaimaz *waikwaimaz *waikwaimaz
instrumental *waikwanō *waikwaizō *waikwanō *waikwaimiz *waikwaimiz *waikwaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *waikwô *waikwǭ *waikwô *waikwaniz *waikwōniz *waikwōnō
accusative *waikwanų *waikwōnų *waikwô *waikwanunz *waikwōnunz *waikwōnō
genitive *waikwiniz *waikwōniz *waikwiniz *waikwanǫ̂ *waikwōnǫ̂ *waikwanǫ̂
dative *waikwini *waikwōni *waikwini *waikwammaz *waikwōmaz *waikwammaz
instrumental *waikwinē *waikwōnē *waikwinē *waikwammiz *waikwōmiz *waikwammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *waikw
    • Old English: wāc
    • Old Frisian: wāk
      • Saterland Frisian: wook
      • West Frisian: weak
    • Old Saxon: wēk
    • Old Dutch: wēk (in derivatives)
    • Old High German: weih
  • Old Norse: veykr, veikr
  • Proto-Finnic: *vaikka (quiet) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*waika-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567