Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/ehmi

This Proto-Hellenic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hellenic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.^[1]

Verb

*ehmi^[2]

to be

Inflection

Present forms of *ehmi

Active

infinitive			*éhmenai
participle			*ehónts
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*éhmi, ehmì	*éhi,eis	*ésti, estì	*ehwés	*estón	*estón	*ehmés	*esté	*ehénti, éhəti
subjunctive	*éhō	*éhēis	*éhēit	*éhōwes	*éhēton	*éhēton	*éhōmes	*éhēte	*éhōnti
optative	*éyyēn	*éyyēs	*éyyēt	*éhīwen	*éhīton	*éhītān	*éhīmen	*éhīte	*éhiyent
imperative	-	*éstʰi, ístʰi	*éstōd	-	*éston	*éstōn	-	*éste	*éhətōn
Middle/Passive

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
subjunctive	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
imperative	-	*?	*?	-	*?	*?	-	*?	*?

Imperfect forms of *ehmi

Active

	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*ḗhə(n)	*ḗs(tʰa)	*ḗst	*ḗston	*ḗstān	*ḗhmen	*ḗste	*ḗhent, ḗhə(n)t
Middle/Passive

	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

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d1mo=essóiwetʰa
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Future forms of *ehmi

Active

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
Middle

infinitive			*éssestʰai
participle			*ehsómenos
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*éssomai	*éssehoi	*éhsetoi	*éssestʰes	*éssesthes	*essómestʰa	*éssestʰe	*éssontoi
optative	*éssoimān	*éssoiho	*éssoito	*éssoistʰon	*éssoistʰān	*essóimetʰa	*éssoistʰe	*essóyəto
Passive

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

Descendants

Ancient Greek: εἰμί (eimí)
Aeolic: ἔμμι (émmi)

Cretan: ἠμί (ēmí)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εἰμί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
^ Andrew L. Sihler (1995), “Part VI: Conjugation”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, 1st edition, New York, N.Y.; Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1995, →ISBN, pages 461, 462, 514

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εἰμί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389

[2] Andrew L. Sihler (1995), “Part VI: Conjugation”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, 1st edition, New York, N.Y.; Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1995, →ISBN, pages 461, 462, 514

[1]

[2]