Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ḱel- (“to incline”) according to Pokorny.^[1]

A relation with Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”) (with metathesis of 'l' and 'w') has been suggested.^[2]

Root

*ḱlew- (perfective)^[1]^[3]^[4]

to hear

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- (49 c, 0 e)

*ḱléw-se-ti (se-desiderative)
- ⇒ *ḱlews-
*ḱléw-t ~ *ḱl̥w-ént (athematic root aorist)
*ḱlḗw-s-t ~ *ḱléw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus- (see there for further descendants)
*ḱl̥-né-w-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-w-énti (nasal-infix present)
*ḱlow-éye-ti (causative)^[3]^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati
    - Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)
      - Kashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)
    - Old Persian:
      - Middle Persian: slwtn' (/⁠srūdan⁠/, “to sing, recite, play”), slʾd- (/⁠srāy-⁠/, present stem)^[6]
        Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)
    - Parthian: srʾwyyd (/⁠srāwēd⁠/, “to sing”, 2pl.impv.)
*ḱe-ḱlów-e ~ *ḱe-ḱl̥w-ḗr (perfect)
*ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative) (or formed independently^[3]^[7])
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: sluvêt
- Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)
  - Latin: clueō
  - South Picene: 𐌊𐌃𐌖𐌝𐌞 (kduíú, 1sg. present)
*ḱlew-etó-s^[4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)
*ḱléw-mn̥ ~ *ḱlu-mén-s (“hearing”)
*ḱléw-os ~ *ḱléw-es-os (“fame”)
*ḱlēw-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ (see there for further descendants)
*ḱlow-ro- or *ḱlu-ro-
- Old Armenian: լուր (lur)
  - → Armenian: լուր (lur) (learned)
*ḱlu-ti-s^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *slùti (infinitive) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrutiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrutiṣ
    - Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)
*ḱlu-tó-s (“heard, famous”)
*ḱléw-tro-m
- Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram
    - Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬭𐬀 (sraoθra)

Unsorted formations

Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē) (1sg. passive^[5] or 3sg. 'stative'^[3])
Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)
Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)
Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606
^ J. J. F. Lehtinen (2020), “L-w-metateesi ja s ~ r -vastaavuus ieur. ja ural. kielten välillä [L-w metathesis and the correspondence s ~ r between the IE and Uralic languages]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 425-432
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “srūdan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606

[2] J. J. F. Lehtinen (2020), “L-w-metateesi ja s ~ r -vastaavuus ieur. ja ural. kielten välillä [L-w metathesis and the correspondence s ~ r between the IE and Uralic languages]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335

[NIL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 425-432

[Cheung-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357

[6] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “srūdan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123

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Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Root

Derived terms

Further reading

References