Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *gʰebʰ-

    1. to give
    2. to take

    Notes

    • Formerly taken as equivalent to *gʰeh₁bʰ- until the advent of the laryngeal theory.[1] A reconstruction *gʰHebʰ- may also be possible, but it is not favored.
    • Some scholars maintain the traditional reconstruction of *gʰabʰ-, arguing that the two should not be arbitrarily separated.[2]

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰebʰ- (38 c, 0 e)
    • *gʰebʰ-e-ti (root present)[3][4]
      • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gebtei
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: gebė́ti (“to be able, wont (to)”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *gebaną (see there for further descendants)
    • *gʰe-gʰóbʰ-e (stative)[3]
      • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • ⇒ Lithuanian: at-gė́bau (“brought about”, 1s.pret.)
      • Proto-Germanic: *gab (“gave”, 1s/3s.ind.pret.)
    • *gʰébʰ-os ~ gʰébʰ-es-os (s-stem)
      • ⇒ *gʰébʰ-es-tis (“arm, hand”)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰábʰastiš
    • >? *gʰébʰ-l̥ ~ gʰbʰ-l-és (“head”), *gʰébʰ-ōl
    • Unsorted formations:
      • >? Latvian: gãbtiês (“snatch, grab”)
      • >? Lithuanian: góbti (“to snatch, grab, take”)
      • >? Proto-Slavic: *gabati (“to seize, take”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 1.4.1.1. Material, pages 92–93, s.v. “habēre”
    2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gabati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 159–160
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 193
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*geban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 173
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