Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eyǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Noun

*h₂eyǵ-^[1]

goat

Derived terms

*h₂éyǵ-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *aíks
  - Ancient Greek: αἴξ (aíx) (see there for further descendants)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐁁𐀼 (a3-za)
*h₂(e)iǵ-ih₂-^[2]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: այծ (ayc) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂(e)iǵ-yeh₂-^[2]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: այծի (ayci)
→ Proto-Yeniseian: *ajg (“goat; roe deer”)^[3]

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *aidzijā
- Albanian: dhi
Proto-Albanian: *agnjā
- Albanian: enjë
Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (īzaēna, “leathern”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἴξ, αἰγός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 40-41
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ayc”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 58
^ Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 386

Etymology 2

Noun

*h₂eyǵ-

oak

Reconstruction notes

Displays unusual suffixing in most descendants. Kroonen notes that root nouns in Germanic are frequently of unexplained/substrate origin.

Derived terms

Unsorted formations:

Sanskrit: इज्जल (ijjala) (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
Proto-Albanian: *aignjā
- Albanian: enjë
Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: ą́žuolas
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps)^[1] (see there for further descendants)
Italic:
- Latin: aesculus^[2] (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *aiks^[3] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἰγίλωψ, -ωπος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aesculus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aik-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 9–10

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἴξ, αἰγός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 40-41

[Martirosyan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ayc”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 58

[3] Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 386

[EDG-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἰγίλωψ, -ωπος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32

[EDL-5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aesculus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28

[EDPG-6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aik-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 9–10

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[2]

[3]