Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíd

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Pronoun

*kʷíd[1]

  1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of *kʷís: what? which?

Usage notes

Was used in unstressed form as an indefinite, generalising particle.[2]

Descendants

  • Proto-Albanian: *tši
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: -չ (-čʻ) (in ինչ (inčʻ, “some”))
  • Proto-Anatolian: *kʷíd
    • Hittite: 𒆪𒀉 (ku-it)
    • Luwian: 𒆪𒄿 (ku-i)
    • Lydian: 𐤲𐤦𐤣 (qid)
    • Palaic: 𒆪𒀉 (ku-it)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ki (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *kʷid (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷí
    • Ancient Greek: τί (tí)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čid (particle)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćid
    • Proto-Iranian: *čid
      • Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬝 (cit̰), 𐬗𐬍𐬝 (cīt̰)
      • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠ciy⁠/)
  • Proto-Italic: *kʷid
    • Latin: quid (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 453
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “2.*-ku̯id 'irgend, einigermassen; jeder; sogar'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 448-451

Further reading

  • Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), “*-čid / *-čit”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 254-6
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