Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/knéh₂yeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *kneh₂- +‎ *-yeti.

    Verb

    *knéh₂yeti (imperfective)[1]

    1. to scratch, scrape

    Conjugation

    Imperfective, thematic
    3rd singular *knéh₂yeti
    3rd plural *knéh₂yonti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *knéh₂yoh₂ *knéh₂yom *knéh₂yōh₂ *knéh₂yoyh₁m̥
    2nd singular *knéh₂yesi *knéh₂yes *knéh₂ye *knéh₂yēsi *knéh₂yoys
    3rd singular *knéh₂yeti *knéh₂yet *knéh₂yetu *knéh₂yēti *knéh₂yoyt
    1st dual *knéh₂yowos *knéh₂yowe *knéh₂yōwos *knéh₂yoywe
    2nd dual *knéh₂yetes *knéh₂yetom *knéh₂yetom *knéh₂yētes *knéh₂yoytom
    3rd dual *knéh₂yetes *knéh₂yetām *knéh₂yetām *knéh₂yētes *knéh₂yoytām
    1st plural *knéh₂yomos *knéh₂yome *knéh₂yōmos *knéh₂yoyme
    2nd plural *knéh₂yete *knéh₂yete *knéh₂yete *knéh₂yēte *knéh₂yoyte
    3rd plural *knéh₂yonti *knéh₂yont *knéh₂yontu *knéh₂yōnti *knéh₂yoyh₁n̥t
    Participle *knéh₂yonts
    Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *knéh₂yoh₂er *knéh₂yoh₂e *knéh₂yōh₂er *knéh₂yoyh₂e
    2nd singular *knéh₂yeth₂er *knéh₂yeth₂e *knéh₂yeso *knéh₂yēth₂er *knéh₂yoyth₂e
    3rd singular *knéh₂yetor *knéh₂yeto *? *knéh₂yētor *knéh₂yoyto, *knéh₂yoyh₁o
    1st dual *knéh₂yowosdʰh₂ *knéh₂yowedʰh₂ *knéh₂yōwosdʰh₂ *knéh₂yoywedʰh₂
    2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    1st plural *knéh₂yomosdʰh₂ *knéh₂yomedʰh₂ *knéh₂yōmosdʰh₂ *knéh₂yoymedʰh₂
    2nd plural *knéh₂yedʰh₂we *knéh₂yedʰh₂we *knéh₂yedʰh₂we *knéh₂yēdʰh₂we *knéh₂yoydʰh₂we
    3rd plural *knéh₂yontor *knéh₂yonto *? *knéh₂yōntor *knéh₂yoyro
    Participle *knéh₂yomnos

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *hnōjaną[2]
      • Proto-West Germanic: *hnōjan[3]
    • Proto-Celtic: *knāyeti[4]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 560
    2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
    4. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 211
    5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 721
    6. 6.0 6.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 365
    7. ^ Jasanoff, Jay H. (3 July 2003), Hittite and the Indo-European Verb[3], Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 111
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253