Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pī́ts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Suggested to be from *péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és, from *peyh₂- (“to swell (with milk, resin)”), cognate with Tocharian B pitke (“fat, grease, oil”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat, tallow; food”); compare semantics of Hittite 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an, “(animal) fat, tallow; pitch, resin”).^[1] Alternatively, related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).^[2]

Noun

*pī́ts m

pitch, resin
Synonyms: *gʷétu, *sokʷós
pine tree

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*pī́ts
genitive	*pitsés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pī́ts	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tses
vocative	*pī́ts	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tses
accusative	*pī́tsm̥	*pī́tsh₁(e)	*pī́tsm̥s
genitive	*pitsés	*?	*pitsóHom
ablative	*pitsés	*?	pitsmós, pitsbʰós
dative	*pitséy	*?	pitsmós, pitsbʰós
locative	pī́ts, pī́tsi	*?	*pitsú
instrumental	*pitséh₁	*?	pitsmís, pitsbʰís

Alternative reconstructions

*pik-^[1]^[2]
*péyh₂-d-s ~ *pih₂-d-s-és

Derived terms

*pī́t-u-s ~ *pit-éw-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πίτῠς (pítŭs, “pine”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pī́tuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pī́tuṣ
    - Sanskrit: *पीतु (*pī́tu)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: पीतुदारु (pī́tudāru, “resin tree”)

*pits-nó-s^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Italic: *pīnos
  - Latin: pīnus (“pine”) (see there for further descendants)

*píts-ih₂ ~ *pits-yéh₂^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Albanian: *pitšā
  - Albanian: píshë (“pine tree”)

Descendants

>? Proto-Tocharian: *päits
- ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päits-ko-
  - Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)
>? Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*pik-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pīnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467: “*pit-sno-”
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “písh/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793

[Mallory-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*pik-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pīnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467: “*pit-sno-”

[4] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “písh/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

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