Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sperH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*sperH-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to kick

Alternative reconstructions

*spʰerH-^[4]
*(t)sperH-^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sperH- (10 c, 0 e)

*spérH-t ~ *spr̥H-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्फरीः (spharīḥ, 2sg.inj.aor.)
*spr̥H-é-ti (tudati-type thematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spʰr̥Háti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *spʰr̥Háti
    - Sanskrit: स्फुरति (sphuráti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *spr̥Háti
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬝 (sparōit̰, “to tread”, 3sg.opt.pres.)
*spr̥-né-H-ti ~ *spr̥-n-H-éti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Germanic: *spurnaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *spernō (with irregular e-grade for **spornō)
  - Latin: spernō
*spr̥H-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latgalian: spert
  - Latvian: spert
  - Lithuanian: spi̇̀rti
- Proto-Hellenic: *spəřřō
  - Ancient Greek: σπαίρω (spaírō)
*spérH-eh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *sɸerā (see there for further descendants)
*spr̥H-óm
- Proto-Germanic: *spurą (see there for further descendants)
  - → Germanic: *spurjaną (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (išparrai)

References

^ (with *h₁) Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ (with h₂ or h₃) De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 585-86
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

[1] (with *h₁) Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] (with h₂ or h₃) De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 585-86

[5] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

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