Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/stéh₂t

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root aorist of *steh₂- (“to stand up”).

Verb

*stéh₂t (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to stand up

Inflection

Perfective, athematic, active only
3rd singular	*stéh₂t
3rd plural	*sth₂ént
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*stā́m	—	*stéh₂oh₂	*sth₂yéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*stéh₂s	stéh₂, sth₂dʰí	*stéh₂esi	*sth₂yéh₁s
3rd singular	*stéh₂t	*stéh₂tu	*stéh₂eti	*sth₂yéh₁t
1st dual	*sth₂wé	—	*stéh₂owos	*sth₂ih₁wé
2nd dual	*sth₂tóm	*sth₂tóm	*stéh₂etes	*sth₂ih₁tóm
3rd dual	*sth₂tā́m	*sth₂tā́m	*stéh₂etes	*sth₂ih₁tā́m
1st plural	*sth₂mé	—	*stéh₂omos	*sth₂ih₁mé
2nd plural	*sth₂té	*sth₂té	*stéh₂ete	*sth₂ih₁té
3rd plural	*sth₂ént	*sth₂éntu	*stéh₂onti	*sth₂ih₁ént

Participle	*sth₂ónts

Descendants

>? Proto-Armenian: (< *per-steh₂-^[3])
- Old Armenian: երթամ (ertʻam, “to go”) (see there for other hypotheses)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *sta (3sg.aor.)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἔστην (éstēn)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HástaHt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HástaHt
  - Sanskrit: अस्थात् (ásthāt)
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: tāmäs (1pl.subj.)^[4]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590
^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982), Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 103–104
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 368

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[3] Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982), Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, pages 103–104

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 368

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