Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/udrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *wed- (“water”) +‎ *-rós (Caland system suffix).

    Adjective

    *udrós

    1. of water, aquatic
    2. otter

    Inflection

    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *udrós *udréh₂
    genitive *udrósyo *udréh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *udrós *udróh₁ *udróes
    vocative *udré *udróh₁ *udróes
    accusative *udróm *udróh₁ *udróms
    genitive *udrósyo *? *udróHom
    ablative *udréad *? *udrómos, *udróbʰos
    dative *udróey *? *udrómos, *udróbʰos
    locative *udréy, *udróy *? *udróysu
    instrumental *udróh₁ *? *udrṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *udréh₂ *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂es
    vocative *udréh₂ *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂es
    accusative *udrā́m *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂m̥s
    genitive *udréh₂s *? *udréh₂oHom
    ablative *udréh₂s *? *udréh₂mos, *udréh₂bʰos
    dative *udréh₂ey *? *udréh₂mos, *udréh₂bʰos
    locative *udréh₂, *udréh₂i *? *udréh₂su
    instrumental *udréh₂h₁ *? *udréh₂mis, *udréh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
    vocative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
    accusative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
    genitive *udrósyo *? *udróHom
    ablative *udréad *? *udrómos, *udróbʰos
    dative *udróey *? *udrómos, *udróbʰos
    locative *udréy, *udróy *? *udróysu
    instrumental *udróh₁ *? *udrṓys

    Derived terms

    • *údr-eh₂ (“otter”)[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́ˀdrāˀ[2] (*ū from Winter's law, see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *udrā[3]
        • ⇒ Latin: lutra (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *údrā
        • Ancient Greek: ὕδρα (húdra, “sea snake”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *údr-o-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́ˀdras[4] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *utraz[1] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *údros
        • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro)
        • Ancient Greek: ὕδρος (húdros, “sea snake, water animal”)
    • *udr-ó-s (“otter”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *udrás (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Celtic: *udros (“dun, greyish-brown”)[5]
      • Old Irish: odur (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Albanian: *hĭwĭd-lʉh
      • Albanian: hyll (“god”)
    • Illyrian: *hud-lo

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*utra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562
    2. ^ Kim, Ronald (2018), “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎[2], Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN
    3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lutra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
    4. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ūdrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[3] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
    5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*uden-sk-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
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