Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/aȷ́ʰám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*Haȷ́ʰám^[1]^[2]

Etymology

From earlier *aȷ́Hám, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Pronoun

*aȷ́ʰám^[3]^[2]

I, we

Inflection

Inflection of *aȷ́ʰám
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*aȷ́ʰám	*waHám	*wayám
Vocative	—	—	—
Accusative	*maHám	*aHwá	*asmá
Instrumental	*máH	*aHwáH	*asmáH
Dative	*máȷ́ʰya	*aHwábʰya	*asmábʰya
Ablative	*mád	*aHwád	*asmád
Genitive	*mána	*aHwáHkam (?)	*asmáHkam
Locative	*máyi	*aHwáy	*asmáy

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aźʰám
- Sanskrit: अहम् (ahám) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *ajám (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Nuristani: *ā́nja, *ā́na (both from earlier *áȷ́nam with intrusive nasal)
- Northern Nuristani: *ā́njə
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ṍć
    
    Kativiri: úze
  - Prasuni: unzú, unźū́
- Southern Nuristani: *ā̃́ɣa (< *ā́naga; *-ga possibly from *gʰe)
  - Ashkun: ái (< *ā̃́yə < *ā̃́ɣa)
  - Tregami: é (< *ā̃́yə < *ā̃́ɣa)
  - Waigali: ëṅë, ëkë (< *ā́ṅa < *ā̃́ɣa)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ahám”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 16-17
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1904: “*(H)aȷ́ʰ-ám”
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 201

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ahám”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 16-17

[HCHIEL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1904: “*(H)aȷ́ʰ-ám”

[3] Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 201

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