Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tuHám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂óm. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe. Synchronically *túH +‎ *-ám.

Pronoun

*tuHám^[1]^[2]

alternative form of *túH

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuHám
- Sanskrit: त्वम् (tvám) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *tuHám
- Avestan:
  Old Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬇𐬨 (tuuə̄m)
  
  Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm)
- Bactrian: τοι (toi), τοοι (tooi), το (to), τοο (too), τογο (togo), τοουο (toouo)^[3]
- Old Persian: 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)

References

^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 812
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1904
^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2007), Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan II. Letters and Buddhist texts (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; II), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 270: “< *tuwam”

[1] Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 812

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1904

[3] Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2007), Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan II. Letters and Buddhist texts (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; II), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 270: “< *tuwam”

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