Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/huHarnáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*parnah-^[1]
*(s)farnah-^[2]

Etymology

Traditionally considered an s-stem variant of *húHar ~ *huHā́h (“the sun”), compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHarwāns (“sunny; glory, fortune”). The forms with f- would have spread from Median.^[3] Skjærvø has shown there is no evidence of this supposed Median sound change.^[4]

Lubotsky alternatively compares Sanskrit परीणस् (párīṇas, “plenty, abundance”) and proposes inheritance from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párHnas-, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁-nos-, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). The form with f- would have spread from Scythian, sporadically developing to xᵛ- in Avestan.^[1]

Tremblay thinks Lubotsky accords too much historical influence to the Scythians and compares Sanskrit स्फुलिङ्ग (sphuliṅga, “spark”).^[2]

Noun

*huHarnáh n^[5]^[3]

glory, splendor
fortune

Declension

An h-stem.

Derived terms

*húHarnahwāh

Descendants

Eastern Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 n (xᵛar^ənah), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋 (xᵛar^ənō, nom.-acc.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (xᵛar^ənaŋha, intr.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬋 (xᵛar^ənaŋhō, gen.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (xᵛar^ənaŋhe, dat.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬃 (xᵛar^ənā̊, nom.-acc.pl.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- →? Proto-Slavic: *xvala
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median: *farnah
  - →? Old Persian: *farnah
    - Middle Persian: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /⁠farrah⁠/) (< gen.sg. *farnahaʰ)
      - Classical Persian: فره (farrah)
        Dari: فر (farr)
        Iranian Persian: فر (farr)
        Tajik: фар (far)
      - → Arabic: فَخْر (faḵr)
      - → Old Armenian: փառք (pʻaṙkʻ)
      - → Bactrian: φαρο (faro), φαρρο (farro)
      - → Parthian: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /⁠farrah⁠/)^[6]
  - →? Proto-Scythian: *fārnē
    - Proto-Sarmatian: *fārnē
      - Alanic: *farne
        Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: фарнӕ (farnæ)
        Iron Ossetian: фарн (farn)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (phārre)
  - →? Sogdian: (/⁠farn⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫗 (frn)
    Old Sogdian script: 𐼔𐼘𐼏 (prn)
    Syriac script: ܦܢ (fn)
- Parthian: (/⁠farnah ~ farrah⁠/)
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭂𐭃𐭄 (GDE)
  
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠xwarrah⁠/) (or borrowed from Avestan^[7])
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (GDE)
  
  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭣𐭤 (GDE)
  
  Pazend script: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬭𐬀 (xᵛarra)
  - Classical Persian: خوره (x^warrah), خره (xurrah)
    Dari: خوره (xurrah)
    
    Iranian Persian: خوره (xorra(h) ~ xorre(h))
    
    Tajik: хурраҳ (xurrah)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002), “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎^[1], Oxford University Press, →DOI, pages 191-5
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Tremblay, X. (2008) "Iranian Historical Linguistics in the Twentieth Century – Part Two", Indo-European Studies Bulletin, volume 13(1), pages 35-6
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441
^ Skjærvø, P. O. (1983) "Farnah-: mot mède en vieux-perse?", Bullletin de la société de linguistique, volume 78, pages 241-259
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[2], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”
^ Korn, Agnes (2010), “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 422
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”

[Lubotsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002), “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎^[1], Oxford University Press, →DOI, pages 191-5

[Tremblay-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Tremblay, X. (2008) "Iranian Historical Linguistics in the Twentieth Century – Part Two", Indo-European Studies Bulletin, volume 13(1), pages 35-6

[ESIJa-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441

[4] Skjærvø, P. O. (1983) "Farnah-: mot mède en vieux-perse?", Bullletin de la société de linguistique, volume 78, pages 241-259

[5] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[2], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”

[6] Korn, Agnes (2010), “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 422

[7] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]