Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tas, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.
For the participle use, compare Proto-Germanic *-þaz and Latin -tus. However the verb classes that take *-þaz in Proto-Germanic (so-called "weak verbs"), take *-nъ in Proto-Slavic, which is cognate with Proto-Germanic *-naz which in turn usually forms participles of verbs that take *-tъ in Proto-Slavic.
Suffix
*-tъ
- Deverbal from perfective mono-syllabic simple stems, forms passive participles
- Synonym: *-nъ
- From ū-grade root:
- From ī-grade root:
- From nasal-grade root:
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-tъ | *-ta | *-to |
| genitive | *-ta | *-ty | *-ta |
| dative | *-tu | *-tě | *-tu |
| accusative | *-tъ | *-tǫ | *-to |
| instrumental | *-tomь | *-tojǫ | *-tomь |
| locative | *-tě | *-tě | *-tě |
| vocative | *-te | *-to | *-to |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-ta | *-tě | *-tě |
| genitive | *-tu | *-tu | *-tu |
| dative | *-toma | *-tama | *-toma |
| accusative | *-ta | *-tě | *-tě |
| instrumental | *-toma | *-tama | *-toma |
| locative | *-tu | *-tu | *-tu |
| vocative | *-ta | *-tě | *-tě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-ti | *-ty | *-ta |
| genitive | *-tъ | *-tъ | *-tъ |
| dative | *-tomъ | *-tamъ | *-tomъ |
| accusative | *-ty | *-ty | *-ta |
| instrumental | *-ty | *-tami | *-ty |
| locative | *-těxъ | *-taxъ | *-těxъ |
| vocative | *-ti | *-ty | *-ta |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-tъjь | *-taja | *-toje |
| genitive | *-tajego | *-tyję̇ | *-tajego |
| dative | *-tujemu | *-těji | *-tujemu |
| accusative | *-tъjь | *-tǫjǫ | *-toje |
| instrumental | *-tyjimь | *-tǫjǫ | *-tyjimь |
| locative | *-tějemь | *-těji | *-tějemь |
| vocative | *-tъjь | *-taja | *-toje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-taja | *-těji | *-těji |
| genitive | *-tuju | *-tuju | *-tuju |
| dative | *-tyjima | *-tyjima | *-tyjima |
| accusative | *-taja | *-těji | *-těji |
| instrumental | *-tyjima | *-tyjima | *-tyjima |
| locative | *-tuju | *-tuju | *-tuju |
| vocative | *-taja | *-těji | *-těji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-tiji | *-tyję̇ | *-taja |
| genitive | *-tъjixъ | *-tъjixъ | *-tъjixъ |
| dative | *-tyjimъ | *-tyjimъ | *-tyjimъ |
| accusative | *-tyję̇ | *-tyję̇ | *-taja |
| instrumental | *-tyjimi | *-tyjimi | *-tyjimi |
| locative | *-tyjixъ | *-tyjixъ | *-tyjixъ |
| vocative | *-tiji | *-tyję̇ | *-taja |
Suffix
*-tъ m
- Deverbal, forms nouns (usually with o-grade)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-tъ | *-ta | *-ti |
| genitive | *-ta | *-tu | *-tъ |
| dative | *-tu | *-toma | *-tomъ |
| accusative | *-tъ | *-ta | *-ty |
| instrumental | *-tъmь, *-tomь* | *-toma | *-ty |
| locative | *-tě | *-tu | *-těxъ |
| vocative | *-te | *-ta | *-ti |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus. This suffix was later extended with *-kъ, e.g. Serbo-Croatian podátak (“datum”) < *datъ (“load, something given”).
Suffix
*-tъ m
- Deverbal, forms nouns
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-tъ | *-ty | *-tove |
| genitive | *-tu | *-tovu | *-tovъ |
| dative | *-tovi | *-tъma | *-tъmъ |
| accusative | *-tъ | *-ty | *-ty |
| instrumental | *-tъmь | *-tъma | *-tъmi |
| locative | *-tu | *-tovu | *-tъxъ |
| vocative | *-tu | *-ty | *-tove |
Etymology 3
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tum, from the accusative singular of Proto-Indo-European *-tus. Cognate with Old Lithuanian -tų, Latin -tum, Sanskrit -तुम् (-tum).
Suffix
*-tъ
- Forms the supine