Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋindakun

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*ŋïndakun (per Janhunen)

Etymology

From *ŋinda +‎ *-kun.

Noun

*ŋindakun

dog

Declension

Declension of *ŋindakun

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋindakun
Accusative	*ŋindakunba
Genitive	*ŋindakunŋī
Dative	*ŋindakundua
Locative	*ŋindakunlā
Ablative	*ŋindakundiki
Prolative	*ŋindakunli
Elative	*ŋindakungiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋindakunʒi
Delative	*ŋindakunlāki
Directive	*ŋindakuntiki
Comitative	*ŋindakungili

Descendants

Jurchenic: *indakun
- Jurchen: 因荅忽 (indahun /⁠in-da-hun⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡳᠨ᠋ᡩ᠋ᠠᡥᡡᠨ (indahūn)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic: *ŋinakin
  - Evenki: ӈинакин (ŋinakin)
  - Even: ӈи̇н (ŋi̇n)
  - Negidal: ни̇нахи̇н (nịnaxịn), ӈи̇нахи̇н (ŋịnaxịn)
  - Oroqen: ŋinaɣɪn
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central: *inaki(n)
    - Oroch: инаки (inaki)
    - Udihe: инʼаи (inˀai)
  - South-Eastern: *ŋinda
    - Nanai: инда (inda)
    - Orok: ӈинда (ŋinda)
    - Ulch: и̇ӈда (ịŋda)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955), Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 67
Vovin, Alexander; Janhunen, Juha; de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023), The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 46
Cincius, V. I. (1975), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 661-662
Kane, Daniel (1989), The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 216.