Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/saŋār

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*saŋar

Etymology

For the usage of the coda *-r , compare *kadār (“rock”) and *dar (“fathom”).

Noun

*saŋār

hole

Declension

Declension of *saŋār

	Singular
Nominative	*saŋār
Accusative	*saŋārba
Genitive	*saŋārŋī
Dative	*saŋārdua
Locative	*saŋārlā
Ablative	*saŋārdiki
Prolative	*saŋārli
Elative	*saŋārgiʒi
Instrumental	*saŋārʒi
Delative	*saŋārlāki
Directive	*saŋārtiki
Comitative	*saŋārgili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 桑哈 (sangga /⁠sang-ha⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ (sangga)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: хаӈа̄р (haŋār)
  - Evenki: саӈа̄р (saŋār)
  - Negidal: саӈа̄ (saŋā)
  - Solon: saŋār
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: саӈа (saŋa)
    - Udihe: саӈа (saŋa)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: саӈар (saŋar)
    - Orok: са̄ӈга (sāŋa), саӈга (saŋga)
    - Ulch: саӈгали (saŋalị)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955), Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 49
Cincius, V. I. (1977), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 62
Kane, Daniel (1989), The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 328.