Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/töge

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

Possibly related to *tögükse (“cloud”).

Noun

*töge

winter

Declension

Declension of *töge

	Singular
Nominative	*töge
Accusative	*tögebe
Genitive	*tögeŋī
Dative	*tögedüe
Locative	*tögelē
Ablative	*tögediki
Prolative	*tögeli
Elative	*tögegiʒi
Instrumental	*tögeʒi
Delative	*tögelēki
Directive	*tögetiki
Comitative	*tögegili

Adverb

*töge

in winter

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 秃額里 (tuweri /⁠tu-e-li⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡨᡠ᠋ᠸᡝᡵᡳ (tuweri)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: тугэни (tugəņi)
  - Evenki: тугэ (tugə), тугэни (tugəņi)
  - Negidal: тугэ (tuge)
  - Oroqen: tuwə
  - Solon: tugu
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: туэ (tue)
    - Udihe: туэ (tue)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: туэ (tue)
    - Orok: тувэ (tuvə)
    - Ulch: туэ (tue)

See also

Seasons in Proto-Tungusic (layout · text) · category
nelki (“spring”) ńeŋńe (“spring”)	*ʒuga (“summer”)	*bola (“autumn”)	*töge (“winter”)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955), Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 95
Cincius, V. I. (1977), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 204-205
Kane, Daniel (1989), The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187.
Doerfer, Gerhard; Knüppel, Michael (2004), Etymologisch-ethnologisches Wörterbuch tungusischer Dialekte, Hildesheim: Olms, page 814