Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/tüŋen

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Noun

*tüŋen

chest, breast

Declension

Declension of *tüŋen

	Singular
Nominative	*tüŋen
Accusative	*tüŋenbe
Genitive	*tüŋenŋī
Dative	*tüŋendüe
Locative	*tüŋenlē
Ablative	*tüŋendiki
Prolative	*tüŋenli
Elative	*tüŋengiʒi
Instrumental	*tüŋenʒi
Delative	*tüŋenlēki
Directive	*tüŋentiki
Comitative	*tüŋengili

Descendants

Jurchenic: *tuŋgen
- Jurchen: 痛車 (tunggun /⁠tung-ge⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠨ (tunggen)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic: *tiŋen
  - Even: тиӈэн (tiŋən)
  - Evenki: тыӈэн (tiŋən)
  - Negidal: тиӈэн (tiŋen)
  - Solon: tiŋen
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central: *tiŋe
    - Oroch: тиӈэ (tiŋe)
    - Udihe: тиӈэ (tiŋe)
  - South-Eastern: *tuŋen
    - Nanai: туӈэн (tuŋen), туӈгэн (tuŋgen)
    - Orok: туӈэ̄ (tuŋə̄), туӈэ̄н (tuŋə̄n)
    - Ulch: туӈгэ(н) (tuŋge(n))

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955), Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 37
Vovin, Alexander; Janhunen, Juha; de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023), The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 38
Cincius, V. I. (1977), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 184-185
Kane, Daniel (1989), The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 319.