Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kï̄ŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Most likely related to *kï̄rkïn (“maiden, slave girl”) and *kïrnak (“slave girl”).

Noun

*kï̄ŕ

girl
daughter
Coordinate term: *ogul (“son; child”)
woman
Coordinate term: *ēr (“man”)

Declension

Declension of *kï̄ŕ
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kï̄ŕ
accusative	kï̄ŕïg, kï̄ŕnï¹⁾
genitive	*kï̄ŕnïŋ
dative	*kï̄ŕka
locative	*kï̄ŕta
ablative	*kï̄ŕtan
allative	*kï̄ŕgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kï̄ŕïn
equative ²⁾	*kï̄ŕča
similative ²⁾	*kï̄ŕlayu
comitative ²⁾	*kï̄ŕlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: هير (hï̄r)
  - Chuvash: хӗр (hĕr)

Arghu:
- Old Khalaj: خٖيزْ (xï̄z)
  - Khalaj: qıız
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: قز (qız), قیز
    - Azerbaijani: qız
    - Gagauz: kız
    - Ottoman Turkish: قیز (kız)
      - Turkish: kız
      - Kurdish:
        → Northern Kurdish: qîz
      - → Swedish: guss
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: gȳz
- Salar: gız
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قٖيزْ (qï̄z)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (qïz)
    - Uyghur: قىز (qiz)
    - Uzbek: qiz
Kipchak: [script needed] (qïz)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: qız
  - Karachay-Balkar: къыз (qız)
  - Karaim: kyz
  - Kumyk: къыз (qız)
  - Urum: хыз (xız)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡыҙ (qıź)
  - Tatar: кыз (qız)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: qız
  - Kazakh: қыз (qyz)
  - Nogai: кыз (kız)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: кыз (kız)
  - Southern Altai: кыс (kïs)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽶𐽴 (qyz /⁠kïz⁠/)
  - Western Yugur: ɢəz (gïz, gïs)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: кыыс (kııs)
  - Yakut: кыыс (kııs)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: кыс (kıs)
    - Tofa: кыс (kıs)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Chulym: қыс (qıs)
    - Khakas: хыс (xıs)
    - Shor: қыс (qıs)

Proto-Turkic: *kïrnāk

Oghuz: قِرْناقْ
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قرناق (qırnaq)
  - Azerbaijani: qırnaq
  - Gagauz: kırnak
  - Ottoman Turkish: قرناق
    - Turkish: kırnak
- Turkmen: gyrnak
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Kipchak: قِرْناقْ
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: қырнақ (qyrnaq) (dialectal)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قِرْناقْ

Proto-Turkic: *kï̄rkïn

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: هیرحومْ (hïrhum)
  - Chuvash: хӑрхӑм (hărh̬ăm)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡырҡын (qırqın)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قِرقِنْ
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: кыргыттар (kırgıttar) (from *kırgın, irregular plural of кыыс (kııs, “daughter”))
  - Yakut: кыргыттар (kırgıttar) (from *kırgın, irregular plural of кыыс (kııs, “daughter”))

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kı:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 679
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kırkın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 654
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kırna:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 661
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kɨ̄ŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 218
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 473
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 110
Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 58-59