Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kād-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction notes

Direct descendants point to *kāy-, however, derivations from this root point to *kād- instead, so it is listed here as *kād-.

Verb

*kād-

  1. to turn
  2. (Oghuz, Siberian, Oghur) to slide
    Synonym: *tāy-
  3. (Oghuz, Siberian) to swim

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • >? Chuvash: (dialectal) ю (ju)
  • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قیمق (qaymaq), قایمق (qaymaq)
      • Gagauz: kaymaa
      • Ottoman Turkish: قایمق (kaymak)
    • Turkmen: gāýmak
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: [script needed] (kay-)
  • Karluk:
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/⁠ḳay-⁠/)
    • North Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: [script needed] (xay-)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: [script needed] (xay-)

Derived terms

  • *kādït-
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قیتمق (qaytmaq, qayıtmaq), قایتمق (qaytmaq, qayıtmaq), قیدمق (qayıdmaq), قایدمق (qaydmaq, qayıdmaq)
      • Azerbaijani: qayıtmaq
      • Ottoman Turkish: قایتمق (kaytmak, kayıtmak)
    • Turkmen: gaýtmak
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Kazakh: қайту (qaitu)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кайтуу (kaytuu)
      • Southern Altai: кайдар (kaydar)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قَذِتْماقْ (/⁠qaḏïtmaq⁠/)
      • Chagatai: قایتماق (qaytmaq, qayitmaq)
  • *kāy(ï)tar-
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قایترمق
    • Turkmen: gaýtarmak
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Kazakh: қайтару (qaitaru)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кайтаруу (kaytaruu)
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: قایتارماق (qaytarmaq)
      • >? Uyghur: قايتۇرماق (qayturmaq) (or perhaps from *kay-tur-)
      • Uzbek: qaytarmoq
  • *kāyïk-
    • Oghuz:
      • ⇒ Old Anatolian Turkish: قیقمق (qayqmaq, qayıqmaq), قایقمق
        • ⇒ Gagauz: kaykılmaa
        • Ottoman Turkish: قایقمق (kaykmak, kayıkmak)
          • ⇒ Turkish: kaykılmak
    • Karluk:
      • Khorezmian Turkic: قایقماق (qʾyqmʾq /⁠qay(ı)qmaq⁠/)
  • *kadgu ?
    • Oghur:
      • Chuvash: хуйхӑ (hujh̬ă)
    • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قایغو (qayġu), قیغو (qayġu)
      • Azerbaijani: qayğı
      • Ottoman Turkish: قایغو (kayğu, kayğı)
    • Turkmen: gaýgy
  • Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قَذْغُو (/⁠qaḏġu⁠/)
      • Khorezmian Turkic: قاذغو (qʾḏġw /⁠qaḏġu⁠/)
        • Chagatai: قایغو (qayğu)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur:
  • Proto-Turkic: *kāyïš-
    • Khorezmian Turkic: قایشماق (qʾyšmʾq /⁠qay(ı)šmaq⁠/)
  • *kādïr- (or perhaps *kādgur-)
  • Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: qayırmaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: قایرمق (kayırmak), قایغورمق (kaygurmak)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قَذِرْماقْ (/⁠qaḏïrmaq⁠/)
      • ⇒ Khorezmian Turkic: قایرا (/⁠qayra⁠/)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *kādïz ?
    • Karluk:
      • Karakhanid: قَذِزْ (/⁠qaḏïz⁠/)
    • Siberian:
      • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/⁠ḳadïz⁠/)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *kāypï-
    • Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (kaypmak)
          • Turkish: (dialect) kaypmak
    • Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kaypı-)

Further reading

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kay- (2 *ka:ḏ-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 674
  • Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kāj-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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