Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) + *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy; see literature for details.
Noun
*kaŕgan
Declension
| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *kaŕgan |
| accusative | *kaŕganïg, *kaŕgannï1) |
| genitive | *kaŕgannïŋ |
| dative | *kaŕganka |
| locative | *kaŕganta |
| ablative | *kaŕgantan |
| allative | *kaŕgangaru |
| instrumental 2) | *kaŕganïn |
| equative 2) | *kaŕganča |
| similative 2) | *kaŕganlayu |
| comitative 2) | *kaŕganlïgu |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: хуран (huran)
- →? Hungarian: harang (“bell”)
- Common Turkic:
- → Middle Mongol: [Arabic needed] (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: qazğân
- Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
- West Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qazan
- Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
- Turkish: kazan
- → Albanian: kazan
- → Arabic: قَزَان (qazān), قَازَان (qāzān)
- → Armenian: խազան (xazan), ղազան (ġazan), կազան (kazan), ղզղան (ġzġan)
- → Aromanian: cãzáne
- → Bulgarian: каза́н (kazán)
- → Greek: καζάνι (kazáni)
- → Hungarian: kazán
- → Macedonian: казан (kazan)
- → Romanian: cazàn
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Northern Kurdish: quşxane
- Gagauz: kazan
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: gazan
- West Oghuz:
- Kipchak:
- Mamluk-Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قَزْغانْ (qazɣān, “dug out”) (uncertain)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (qazan)
- Uzbek: qozon
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (qazan)
- Karakhanid: قَزْغانْ (qazɣān, “dug out”) (uncertain)
- Siberian:
- South Siberian:
- Khakas: хазан (xazan)
- Shor: қазан (qazan)
- South Siberian:
- → Persian: خاژغان (xâžġân)
Further reading
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 682
- Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (2000), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390