Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *diāga (per Ünal)[1]

Etymology

Sometimes connected with *yak- (“to rub, to smear”), with the both deriving from hypothetical *yā-, supposedly reflected in Khalaj yâ- (“to churn butter”).

Noun

*yāg

  1. fat, butter, lard, thick

Declension

Declension of *yāg
singular 3)
nominative *yāg
accusative *yāgïg, *yāgnï1)
genitive *yāgnïŋ
dative *yāgka
locative *yāgda
ablative *yāgdan
allative *yāggaru
instrumental 2) *yāgïn
equative 2) *yāgča
similative 2) *yāglayu
comitative 2) *yāglïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • →? Chinese: 醍醐 (tíhú)
    • → Japanese: 醍醐
    • → Korean: 제호 (jeho)
    • → Vietnamese: đề hồ
  • Oghur:
    • Proto-Bulgar:
      • → Adyghe: дагъэ (dağɛ, “fat”)[2]
      • Volga Bulgar:
        • Chuvash: ҫу (śu), ҫӑв (śăv)
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: ýag
    • Salar: yağ
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: ىاغ (yağ)
      • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yağ)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: yağ
    • Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yağ), [Arabic needed] (yağ)
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽲 (yʾq /⁠yaġ⁠/)
      • Western Yugur: jaɣ (yaɣ, “cooking oil”)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tuvan: чаг (çag)
        • Tofa: [script needed] (čaɣ)
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Khakas: чағ (çağ)
        • Shor: чағ (čağ)
      • Northern Altai: јаг (ǰag) (Chelkan), дьу (dʹu), дьыг (dʹïg) (Kumandin)

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
barley: *arpa beans, peas: *burčak farro, wheat: *bugday
jujube: *yidge berry: *yidgelek strawberry: *čige, *čigelek
apple: *almïla walnut: *yaŋgak honey: *bal
millet: *tarïg onion: *sōgun salt: *tūŕ
egg: *yumurtka butter: *yāg mushroom: *kömbe
radish: *turp, *turma carrot: *turma hazelnut: *bōńurï

Further reading

  1. ^ Ünal, Orçun (March 2023), “Proto-Turkic/yāg”, in Kayıp Bir Dilin İzinde: Tarihi bir Türk Lehçesinin Avrasya Dillerindeki Örtük İzleri [In Search of a Lost Language: Implicit Traces of a Historical Turkic Dialect in Eurasian Languages]‎[1], 1st edition, Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi, →ISBN, page 303
  2. ^ Tavkul, Ufuk. (2007). Adige (Çerkes) Dilinde Bulgar Türkçesi Alıntı Sözcükler Üzerine.
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 895
  • Sevortjan, E. V.; Levitskaja, L. S. (1989), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 58
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 453
  • Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jāg”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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