Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arnu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Cognate with Old Norse ǫrn (“eagle”), from Proto-Germanic *arnuz.^[1]

Noun

*arnu m

eagle
Synonym: *arō

Inflection

u-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*arnu
Genitive	*arnau
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arnu	*arniwi
Accusative	*arnu	*arnū
Genitive	*arnau	*arniwō
Dative	*arniwi	*arnum
Instrumental	*arnu	*arnum

Descendants

Old English: earn (a-stem)
- Middle English: ern, arn, aryn, eerne, eren, erne, eron, ærn, earn (Early Middle English)
  - English: erne
  - Scots: earn, ern, erne
Old Frisian: *ern
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: iarn
  
  Mooring: jarn
  
  Sylt: Aarn
- West Frisian: earn
Old Saxon: *arn^[2]
- Middle Low German: ārn, arne, arnt, arndt, aren, ārent
  - Low German: Arend
Old Dutch: *arn
- Middle Dutch: āren
  - Dutch: arend
    - Afrikaans: arend
    - Negerhollands: arend
Old High German: arn (i-stem, from pl. erni < *arniwi^[3])
- Middle High German: arn
  - German: Arn (archaic)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*arnuz ~ arnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24
^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “*arn?”, in Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition
^ Nedoma, Robert (2018), “Germanic personal names before AD 1000 and their elements referring to birds of prey. With an emphasis upon the runic inscription in the eastern Swedish Vallentuna-Rickeby burial”, in Gersmann, Karl-Heinz, Grimm, Oliver, editors, Raptor and human – falconry and bird symbolism throughout the millennia on a global scale (Advanced studies on the archaeology and history of hunting; 1.1–1.4), Kiel; Hamburg: Wachholtz Verlag – Murmann Publishers, →ISBN, page 1589: “OHG pl. erni < *arniwiz that later adopted an i-stem inflection: pl. erni → sg. arn”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*arnuz ~ arnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24

[2] Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “*arn?”, in Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition

[3] Nedoma, Robert (2018), “Germanic personal names before AD 1000 and their elements referring to birds of prey. With an emphasis upon the runic inscription in the eastern Swedish Vallentuna-Rickeby burial”, in Gersmann, Karl-Heinz, Grimm, Oliver, editors, Raptor and human – falconry and bird symbolism throughout the millennia on a global scale (Advanced studies on the archaeology and history of hunting; 1.1–1.4), Kiel; Hamburg: Wachholtz Verlag – Murmann Publishers, →ISBN, page 1589: “OHG pl. erni < *arniwiz that later adopted an i-stem inflection: pl. erni → sg. arn”

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