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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin diabolus (“devil”).
Noun
*diubul m[1]
- (Christianity) devil
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*diubul
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| Genitive
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*diubulas
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*diubul
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*diubulōs
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| Accusative
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*diubul
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*diubulā
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| Genitive
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*diubulas
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*diubulō
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| Dative
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*diubulē
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*diubulum
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| Instrumental
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*diubulu
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*diubulum
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Descendants
- Old English: dēofol, dēoful, dīoful, dīofol
- Middle English: devel, deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele
- Old Frisian: diōvel
- Old Saxon: diuval
- Middle Low German: dūvel
- German Low German: Düwel, Dîwel
- → Old Norse: djǫfull
- Icelandic: djöfull
- Faroese: djevul, devul, devil
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: djevel
- Nynorsk: djevel
- Old Swedish: diævul, diæffwol, diæffuill, diawl, diwell, dyfwll, dyffwill, diefwel
- Old Danish: diævæl, djavel, diæuæl
- Old Dutch: diuval
- Middle Dutch: duvel
- Dutch: duivel, duvel (archaic or dialectal)
- Afrikaans: duiwel
- Berbice Creole Dutch: diflu
- Negerhollands: duvel, dievel
- Limburgish: duvel
- Old High German: tiufal
- Middle High German: tiuvel, tievel
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135: “PWGmc *diubul”