Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/am

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ʔama (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *amʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *am-ej (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *ŋʷam (for Pre-Proto-Yeniseian[2]), *am-e (per Vajda 2024)
  • *am (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: X-m.1)

Reconstruction notes

Ostyak Yug, Kottic and Arin terms feature *-e (kinship-noun suffix), which is also mirrored in *ab (“father”).

Kott term recorded by M. A. Castrén (1849) feature a tilde before the entry, implying nasalization, which leads Werner (2002), and following him, Vajda-Werner (2022) and Vajda (2024) to reconstruct a lost nasal onset (rounded nasal, in the case of the latter,) for the coordinate term, *ab (“father”), which would also be applicable for this root.

Etymology

Most likely a lallwort, though also quite possibly analyzable as *a +‎ *-m (feminine noun class marker).

Noun

*am (plural *am-Vŋ)

  1. (sociology) mother
    Coordinate term: *ab (“father”)
Derived terms
  • *ɢej-am (“grandmother”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: am (M., W., VW., Ad., Kl.)
    • Ostyak Yug: amma (M.)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: áma (M., W., VW., Kl.)
    • ⇒ Kott: âma (C.), ama (H.), áma (M., W., VW., Kl.)
  • Arinic:
    • ⇒ Arin: amä (Str.), ajame (H.)
    • ⇒ Arin: b'-am'a (“my mother”) (M., W., Kl.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: am (M., W., VW., Kl.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=19&root=config
  2. ^ Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 413
  3. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), “ām”, in Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 86

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 224-225 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'mother'd”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 268 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 253-254
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*amʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 42
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*-am-e”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “(1) aˑm (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 95
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “mother”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 310
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