Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/cewç

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *čɨʔs (per Vovin 2000)[1]
  • *tʲɨˀs (per Werner 2002)
  • *tʲɯˀs (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *caj-s (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *ceʧ, *cec (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: t.1-s.1)

Etymology

Composed of *cew (“stone, pebble”) +‎ *-ç (singulative suffix).

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *caj; Proto-Athabaskan *tseˑ (“stone”), Eyak tsaˑ (“stone”) and Tlingit shaa (šàː, “mountain”). Werner (2002) suggests that the Ketic forms were borrowed from Proto-Turkic *tāš. Vajda-Werner (2022) clarifies that the direction of borrowing is probably Ketic > Turkic, if there is a relation in the first place.

Noun

*cew-ç (plural *cew-Vŋ)

  1. (geology) stone

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: tuːús (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: tɨ́es (M., W., VW.), tɨes (Kl.), tɨs' (Ad.)
      • Ket: ты’сь (tɨˀsʲ)
        • ⇒ Ket: Тысдэʼӈ (Tɨsdɛˀŋ, “Evenki people”, literally “stone-people (referring to the stony [Eastern] bank of the Yenisei)”)
    • Ostyak Yug: čɨgs (Kl., M., F.)
      • Yug: чы’с (čɨˀs)
    • →? Proto-Turkic: *tāš (“stone”)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: šiš (M., W., Kl., VW., F.)
    • Kott: šiš (M., W., Kl., VW., F.), šîš (C.), šin (H.; singular), šeŋ (C.; plural)
    • ⇒ Kott: čiŋä (“rock”) (Mes.; Kojbal dialect)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: qes (M., W., Kl., VW., F.), kes (H.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: kît (M.), kit (W., VW., Kl.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000), “Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎[1], volume 44, number 1, Harrassowitz Verlag, page 91 of 87-104

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 53 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 251 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “59.) ~*caj”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 353‒354
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*tʲɯˀs”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 961
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*cew-ç”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 414
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 312
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