Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tɬiwdʳ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kɨˀλ, *kɨˀt (per Werner 2002)
  • *gɨʔd (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *kɯˀt (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *Cɯd (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-t.3)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *tɬαɣ̇ (“grease, ointment”) and *tɬαx̣ (“oil; hard animal fat, tallow”),[2] but the syllable nuclei does not completely match up. A lack of clear Eyak and Tlingit cognates is also noted. Perhaps related to *-tɬijt (“to rub, to smear”), see there for more cognates in Athabaskan languages.

Arin ki (“greasy”) is unrelated to the forms below, and is a borrowing from an unknown Siberian Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Common Turkic *kir (“dirt”).

Noun

*tɬiwdʳ (plural *tɬiwdʳ-Vŋ)

  1. (cooking) oil, lard, suet, tallow

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: kɨːt (M.)
    • Yug: кыʼть (kɨˀtʲ)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: kir (“oil; candle”) (M., W., Kl.)
    • Kott: kîr (C.)
    • ⇒ Kott: karatu (“fatty, greasy”) (H.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: leoxóxar (W.), leochóchar (“bladder”) (M.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=331&root=config
  2. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume tɬa-tɬu, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 3

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'fat, grease, tallow; oil'a”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 241 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Coda-t.3 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “22.) ~*tɬ()dʳ”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 336
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*kɯˀt”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 459
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*tɬiwdʳ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 414
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “(2) kɨˀt”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 481
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “oil”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 313
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