Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/wes

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ʔes (per Werner 2002)
  • *es (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *eʧ, *ec (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-s.1)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *wes (“stretch, spread, wide”) and Eyak -wəs (“to stretch, to spread”).

Perhaps related to *ejš (“sky, weather”).

Noun

*wes (no plural)

  1. (astronomy) sky
  2. (shamanism) paternalistic sky god

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: oësh (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: es (M., W., Kl., VW.), ejs (Kl.), éesiŋ (W.), is' (Ad.)
    • Ostyak Yug: ejs (M.)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: öš (M., W., Kl., VW.), eč (Kl.)
    • Kott: êš (“god, angel”) (H.)
      • Kott: ečága (M., W., Kl., VW.), hičal (“high”) (C.)
      • ⇒ Kott: ešjain (“cloud”) (H.)
      • ⇒ Kott: ešjalɨkɨtan (“flower”) (H.)
      • ⇒ Kott: ešparak (“misery”) (H.)
      • → Shor: ес (ez, “head of the household”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *wesVŋʷ (“big”, literally “sky-like”)
    • Proto-Kottic: *pača
      • Assan: pačága (M., W., Kl., VW.), pača (Kl.)
      • Kott: pačága (M., W., VW.), pačagá (Kl.), pačaga, pača (H.), fačâ, pʰačâ (C.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: es (M., W., Kl., VW.), ejš (Str.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: eč (W., VW., Kl.), etsch (M.)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *xur-wes (“rain”, literally “rain-sky”)
    • Ketic:
      • Imbak Ket: uːlette (Kl.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
      • Imbak Ket: úlles (M., W., Kl.), ulles (VW.), ules' (Ad.)
        • Ket: улесь (úlʲɛsʲ) (singular), улетаӈ (úlʲɛtaŋ) (plural)[1][2]
      • Ostyak Yug: úres (M.), ures (Kl.)
        • Yug: урэс (úrɛs)
    • Pumpokolic:
      • Pumpokol: ur-áit (M., W., VW., Kl.)

References

  1. ^ Werner, Heinrich (2002), Словарь кетско-русский и русско-кетский: Учебное пособие для учащихся начальной школы‎[1], 2 edition, Saint-Petersburg: Drofa, →ISBN, page 97
  2. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, volume 1, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 408

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 254 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “126.) ~*wes”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*es (3, 4)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 293
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*lɯtʲes”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 487
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “eˑs'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 272-273
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