akusala
Indonesian
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Pali akusala (literally “not skilful”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /akuˈsala/ [a.kuˈsa.la]
- Rhymes: -ala
- Syllabification: a‧ku‧sa‧la
Noun
akusala (plural akusala-akusala)
Further reading
- “akusala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Etymology
a- (“not”) + kusala (“skilful”). The noun is a specialised application of the adjective.
Adjective
akusala
- unskilful
- bad
Declension
Declension table of "akusala" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | akusalo | akusalā |
| Accusative (second) | akusalaṃ | akusale |
| Instrumental (third) | akusalena | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | akusalassa or akusalāya or akusalatthaṃ | akusalānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | akusalasmā or akusalamhā or akusalā | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | akusalassa | akusalānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | akusalasmiṃ or akusalamhi or akusale | akusalesu |
| Vocative (calling) | akusala | akusalā |
Declension table of "akusalā" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | akusalā | akusalāyo or akusalā |
| Accusative (second) | akusalaṃ | akusalāyo or akusalā |
| Instrumental (third) | akusalāya | akusalāhi or akusalābhi |
| Dative (fourth) | akusalāya | akusalānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | akusalāya | akusalāhi or akusalābhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | akusalāya | akusalānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | akusalāya or akusalāyaṃ | akusalāsu |
| Vocative (calling) | akusale | akusalāyo or akusalā |
Declension table of "akusala" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | akusalaṃ | akusalāni |
| Accusative (second) | akusalaṃ | akusalāni |
| Instrumental (third) | akusalena | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | akusalassa or akusalāya or akusalatthaṃ | akusalānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | akusalasmā or akusalamhā or akusalā | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | akusalassa | akusalānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | akusalasmiṃ or akusalamhi or akusale | akusalesu |
| Vocative (calling) | akusala | akusalāni |
Noun
akusala n
Declension
Declension table of "akusala" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | akusalaṃ | akusalāni |
| Accusative (second) | akusalaṃ | akusalāni |
| Instrumental (third) | akusalena | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | akusalassa or akusalāya or akusalatthaṃ | akusalānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | akusalasmā or akusalamhā or akusalā | akusalehi or akusalebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | akusalassa | akusalānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | akusalasmiṃ or akusalamhi or akusale | akusalesu |
| Vocative (calling) | akusala | akusalāni |
Descendants
References
Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “kusala”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead