calvaria

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kælˈvɛɹi.ə/
• Rhymes: -ɛəɹi.ə

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary.

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

1. (anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.

   Synonym: calvarium

   • 2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

     CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

By the standard Latin plural inflection -a for Latin nouns ending in -um (second declension). The word calvarium was a New Latin coinage from earlier Latin calvaria, and English naturalized it and its plural form intact via unadapted borrowing, as well as allowing a regularized English plural, calvariums; it also did the same thing with calvaria, calvariae, calvarias (first declension), as well.

calvaria

1. plural of calvarium

From calvus (“bald”) +‎ -āria (noun-forming suffix).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kaɫˈwaː.ri.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kalˈvaː.ri.a]

calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension

1. a skull

   Synonyms: calva, testa, crānium

2. (capitalized) Calvary

First-declension noun.

• calvāriola

• “calvaria”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "calvaria", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “calvaria”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “calvaria”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 105