camarwain
Welsh
Etymology
cam- (“mis-”) + arwain (“to guide”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /kaˈmarwai̯n/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /kaˈmarwɛn/
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /kaˈmarwai̯n/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /kaˈmarwɛn/
Verb
camarwain (first-person singular present camarweiniaf)
- to mislead, to misguide, to misinform, to deceive
- Synonyms: camgyfarwyddo, camhysbysu, twyllo
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | camarweiniaf | camarweini | camarwain | camarweiniwn | camarweiniwch | camarweiniant | camarweinir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | camarweiniwn | camarweinit | camarweiniai | camarweiniem | camarweiniech | camarweinient | camarweinid | |
| preterite | camarweiniais | camarweiniaist | camarweiniodd | camarweiniasom | camarweiniasoch | camarweiniasant | camarweiniwyd | |
| pluperfect | camarweiniaswn | camarweiniasit | camarweiniasai | camarweiniasem | camarweiniasech | camarweiniasent | camarweiniasid, camarweiniesid | |
| present subjunctive | camarweiniwyf | camarweiniech | camarweinio | camarweiniom | camarweinioch | camarweiniont | camarweinier | |
| imperative | — | camarwain | camarweinied | camarweiniwn | camarweiniwch | camarweinient | camarweinier | |
| verbal noun | camarwain | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | camarweiniedig camarweiniadwy | |||||||
| inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | camarweinia i, camarweiniaf i |
camarweini di | camarweinith o/e/hi, camarweiniff e/hi |
camarweiniwn ni | camarweiniwch chi | camarweinian nhw |
| conditional | camarweiniwn i, camarweiniswn i |
camarweiniet ti, camarweiniset ti |
camarweiniai fo/fe/hi, camarweinisai fo/fe/hi |
camarweinien ni, camarweinisen ni |
camarweiniech chi, camarweinisech chi |
camarweinien nhw, camarweinisen nhw |
| preterite | camarweiniais i, camarweinies i |
camarweiniaist ti, camarweiniest ti |
camarweiniodd o/e/hi | camarweinion ni | camarweinioch chi | camarweinion nhw |
| imperative | — | camarweinia | — | — | camarweiniwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| camarwain | gamarwain | nghamarwain | chamarwain |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “camarwain”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “camarwain”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies