circumfodio

Latin

Etymology

From circum- +‎ fodiō (“to dig, bury”).

Pronunciation

Verb

circumfodiō (present infinitive circumfodere, perfect active circumfōdī, supine circumfossum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to dig around or about
    • c. 400 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.10.19:
      Amat putari atque circumfodi et parco umore inter siccitates saepe refoveri.
      It likes to be pruned and dug, and to be often refreshed with a little water in dry seasons.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of circumfodiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present circumfodiō circumfodis circumfodit circumfodimus circumfoditis circumfodiunt
imperfect circumfodiēbam circumfodiēbās circumfodiēbat circumfodiēbāmus circumfodiēbātis circumfodiēbant
future circumfodiam circumfodiēs circumfodiet circumfodiēmus circumfodiētis circumfodient
perfect circumfōdī circumfōdistī circumfōdit circumfōdimus circumfōdistis circumfōdērunt,
circumfōdēre
pluperfect circumfōderam circumfōderās circumfōderat circumfōderāmus circumfōderātis circumfōderant
future perfect circumfōderō circumfōderis circumfōderit circumfōderimus circumfōderitis circumfōderint
passive present circumfodior circumfoderis,
circumfodere 		circumfoditur circumfodimur circumfodiminī circumfodiuntur
imperfect circumfodiēbar circumfodiēbāris,
circumfodiēbāre 		circumfodiēbātur circumfodiēbāmur circumfodiēbāminī circumfodiēbantur
future circumfodiar circumfodiēris,
circumfodiēre 		circumfodiētur circumfodiēmur circumfodiēminī circumfodientur
perfect circumfossus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect circumfossus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect circumfossus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present circumfodiam circumfodiās circumfodiat circumfodiāmus circumfodiātis circumfodiant
imperfect circumfoderem circumfoderēs circumfoderet circumfoderēmus circumfoderētis circumfoderent
perfect circumfōderim circumfōderīs circumfōderit circumfōderīmus circumfōderītis circumfōderint
pluperfect circumfōdissem circumfōdissēs circumfōdisset circumfōdissēmus circumfōdissētis circumfōdissent
passive present circumfodiar circumfodiāris,
circumfodiāre 		circumfodiātur circumfodiāmur circumfodiāminī circumfodiantur
imperfect circumfoderer circumfoderēris,
circumfoderēre 		circumfoderētur circumfoderēmur circumfoderēminī circumfoderentur
perfect circumfossus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect circumfossus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — circumfode — — circumfodite —
future — circumfoditō circumfoditō — circumfoditōte circumfodiuntō
passive present — circumfodere — — circumfodiminī —
future — circumfoditor circumfoditor — — circumfodiuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present circumfodere circumfodī circumfodiēns —
future circumfossūrum esse circumfossum īrī circumfossūrus circumfodiendus,
circumfodiundus
perfect circumfōdisse circumfossum esse — circumfossus
future perfect — circumfossum fore — —
perfect potential circumfossūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
circumfodiendī circumfodiendō circumfodiendum circumfodiendō circumfossum circumfossū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • French: cerfoïr
    • Middle French: cerfouir, serfouir
      • French: serfouir (with unetymological s- kept in the official spelling)
    • Norman: cherfoui'

References

  • “circumfodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “circumfodio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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