ernaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).

Several proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence) (identical with the gen. sg. Primitive Irish NIOTTA). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect.[1] On the other hand, Schumacher (2004) derives *ɸīr- from an innovative weak stem of the perfect *ɸeɸore.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈer.n̪əðʲ/
    • (Blasse) [ˈer.n̪ɪðʲ]
    • (Griffith) [ˈer.n̪ɨðʲ]

Verb

ernaid (verbal noun rath)

  1. to bestow, to grant

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ernaid.

Inflection

Simple, class B IV present, suffixless preterite, a future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs.
conj.
rel.
imperfect indicative ·ernad
preterite abs.
conj.
rel.
perfect deut. ro·ír; ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-) ro·ratha
prot.
future abs. ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) ebarthir
conj.
rel.
conditional
present subjunctive abs.
conj. ·ere (attested as ro·ere, a ro-form) ·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-) ·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form)
rel.
past subjunctive ·ertha ·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form)
imperative
verbal noun rath
past participle
verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of ernaid
radical lenition nasalization
ernaid
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 ernaid n-ernaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Nikolaev, Alexander (2010). "Old Irish ro-ír and other í-preterites." Paper presented at the 30th Harvard Celtic Colloquium on 8 October 2010.
  2. ^ Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), “Urkelt. *ɸar-na- ‘gewähren’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 510

Further reading

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