kuluda
Ludian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kuludak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kulɜ-. Cognates include Finnish kulua.
Verb
kuluda
Conjugation
| Conjugation of kuluda (type I-4/kuluda, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kulun | en kulu | 1st singular | olen kulunu | en ole kulunu |
| 2nd singular | kulud | ed kulu | 2nd singular | oled kulunu | ed ole kulunu |
| 3rd singular | kuluu | ei kulu | 3rd singular | on kulunu | ei ole kulunu |
| 1st plural | kulumme | emme kulugoi | 1st plural | olemme kulunu | emme olgoi kulunu |
| 2nd plural | kulutte | ette kulugoi | 2nd plural | olette kulunu | ette olgoi kulunu |
| 3rd plural | kulutah | ei kuluta | 3rd plural | oldah kuluttu | ei olda kuluttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kuluin | en kulunu | 1st singular | olin kulunu | en olnu kulunu |
| 2nd singular | kuluid | ed kulunu | 2nd singular | olid kulunu | ed olnu kulunu |
| 3rd singular | kului | ei kulunu | 3rd singular | oli kulunu | ei olnu kulunu |
| 1st plural | kuluimme | emme kuluttu | 1st plural | olimme kulunu | emme olnu kulunu |
| 2nd plural | kuluitte | ette kuluttu | 2nd plural | olitte kulunu | ette olnu kulunu |
| 3rd plural | kuluttih | ei kuluttu | 3rd plural | oldih kuluttu | ei oldu kuluttu |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kuluižin | en kuluiž | 1st singular | oližin kulunu | en oliž kulunu |
| 2nd singular | kuluižid | ed kuluiž | 2nd singular | oližid kulunu | ed oliž kulunu |
| 3rd singular | kuluiž | ei kuluiž | 3rd singular | oliž kulunu | ei oliž kulunu |
| 1st plural | kuluižimme | emme kuluiž | 1st plural | oližimme kulunu | emme oliž kulunu |
| 2nd plural | kuluižitte | ette kuluiž | 2nd plural | oližitte kulunu | ette oliž kulunu |
| 3rd plural | kulutaiž | ei kulutaiž | 3rd plural | oldaiž kuluttu | ei oldaiž kuluttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kulunuižin | en kulunuiž | 1st singular | olnuižin kulunu | en olnuiž kulunu |
| 2nd singular | kulunuižid | ed kulunuiž | 2nd singular | olnuižid kulunu | ed olnuiž kulunu |
| 3rd singular | kulunuiž | ei kulunuiž | 3rd singular | olnuiž kulunu | ei olnuiž kulunu |
| 1st plural | kulunuižimme | emme kulunuiž | 1st plural | olnuižimme kulunu | emme olnuiž kulunu |
| 2nd plural | kulunuižitte | ette kulunuiž | 2nd plural | olnuižitte kulunu | ette olnuiž kulunu |
| 3rd plural | kuluttanuiž | ei kuluttanuiž | 3rd plural | oldanuiž kuluttu | ei oldanuiž kuluttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | kulu | ala kulu | |||
| 3rd singular | kulugah | algah kulugoi | |||
| 1st plural | kulugam | algam kulugoi | |||
| 2nd plural | kulugat | algat kulugoi | |||
| 3rd plural | kulutagah | aldagah kulugoi | |||
| Potential | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kulunen | en kulune | 1st singular | lienen kulunu | en liene kulunu |
| 2nd singular | kuluned | ed kulune | 2nd singular | liened kulunu | ed liene kulunu |
| 3rd singular | kulunou | ei kulune | 3rd singular | lienou kulunu | ei liene kulunu |
| 1st plural | kulunemme | emme kulune | 1st plural | lienemme kulunu | emme liekoi kulunu |
| 2nd plural | kulunette | ette kulune | 2nd plural | lienette kulunu | ette liekoi kulunu |
| 3rd plural | kuluttaneh | ei kuluttane | 3rd plural | lietah kuluttu | ei liekoi kuluttu |
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| I | kuluda | present | kuluj | kuluttav | |
| II | inessive | kuludes | past | kulunu | kuluttu |
| essive | kuluden | ||||
| III | illative | kulumah | |||
| inessive | kulumas | ||||
| elative | kulumaspiä | ||||
| adessive | kulumal | ||||
| abessive | kulumata | ||||
References
- M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ[1], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kuuludak.
Verb
kuluda
- to be heard
Inflection
| Inflection of kuluda (inflection type 1/ujuda) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st infinitive | kuluda | ||
| present indic. | kulub | ||
| past indic. | kului | ||
| present indicative |
past indicative |
imperative | |
| 1st singular | kulun | kuluin | — |
| 2nd singular | kulud | kuluid | kulu |
| 3rd singular | kulub | kului | kulugaha |
| 1st plural | kulum | kuluim | kulugam |
| 2nd plural | kulut | kuluit | kulugat |
| 3rd plural | kuludas kuluba |
kuluiba | kulugaha |
| sing. conneg.1 | kulu | kulund | kulu |
| plur. conneg. | kulugoi | kulunugoi | kulugoi |
| present conditional |
past conditional |
potential | |
| 1st singular | kuluižin | kulunuižin | kulunen |
| 2nd singular | kuluižid | kulunuižid | kuluned |
| 3rd singular | kuluiži | kulunuiži | kuluneb |
| 1st plural | kuluižim | kulunuižim | kulunem |
| 2nd plural | kuluižit | kulunuižit | kulunet |
| 3rd plural | kuluižiba | kulunuižiba | kuluneba |
| connegative | kuluiži | kulunuiži | kulune |
| non-finite forms | |||
| 1st infinitive | kuluda | ||
| 2nd infinitive | 3rd infinitive | ||
| inessive | kuludes | inessive | kulumas |
| instructive | kuluden | illative | kulumaha |
| participles | elative | kulumaspäi | |
| present active | kului | adessive | kulumal |
| past active | kulunu | abessive | kulumat |
| past passive | kuludud | ||
| 1 In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons. | |||
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “доноситься”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika