lattoa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *latodak. Cognates include Finnish latoa and Estonian laduda.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈlɑtoɑ/, [ˈɫɑtːo̞]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈlɑtoːjɑ/, [ˈɫɑtˑo̝ːjɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtoː, -ɑtoːjɑ
  • Hyphenation: lat‧to‧a

Verb

lattoa

  1. (transitive) to stack
  2. (transitive) to construct by stacking
    • 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by A. Kolesova, Arifmetikan oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (I. osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:
      Lao kvadraattoist traput.
      Construct a staircase by stacking squares.

Conjugation

Conjugation of lattoa (type 1/ampua, t- gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular laon en lao 1st singular oon latont, oon latonut en oo latont, en oo latonut
2nd singular laot et lao 2nd singular oot latont, oot latonut et oo latont, et oo latonut
3rd singular lattoo ei lao 3rd singular ono latont, ono latonut ei oo latont, ei oo latonut
1st plural laomma emmä lao 1st plural oomma latoneet emmä oo latoneet
2nd plural laotta että lao 2nd plural ootta latoneet että oo latoneet
3rd plural lattoot1), latovat2), laotaa evät lao, ei laota 3rd plural ovat latoneet evät oo latoneet, ei oo laottu
impersonal laotaa ei laota impersonal ono laottu ei oo laottu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular laoin en latont, en latonut 1st singular olin latont, olin latonut en olt latont, en olt latonut
2nd singular laoit et latont, et latonut 2nd singular olit latont, olit latonut et olt latont, et olt latonut
3rd singular latoi ei latont, ei latonut 3rd singular oli latont, oli latonut ei olt latont, ei olt latonut
1st plural laoimma emmä latoneet 1st plural olimma latoneet emmä olleet latoneet
2nd plural laoitta että latoneet 2nd plural olitta latoneet että olleet latoneet
3rd plural lattoit1), latoivat2), laottii evät latoneet, ei laottu 3rd plural olivat latoneet evät olleet latoneet, ei olt laottu
impersonal laottii ei laottu impersonal oli laottu ei olt laottu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular latoisin en latois 1st singular olisin latont, olisin latonut en olis latont, en olis latonut
2nd singular latoisit, lattoist1) et latois 2nd singular olisit latont, olisit latonut et olis latont, et olis latonut
3rd singular latois ei latois 3rd singular olis latont, olis latonut ei olis latont, ei olis latonut
1st plural latoisimma emmä latois 1st plural olisimma latoneet emmä olis latoneet
2nd plural latoisitta että latois 2nd plural olisitta latoneet että olis latoneet
3rd plural latoisiit1), latoisivat2), laottais evät latois, ei laottais 3rd plural olisivat latoneet evät olis latoneet, ei olis laottu
impersonal laottais ei laottais impersonal olis laottu ei olis laottu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular lao elä lao 2nd singular oo latont, oo latonut elä oo latont, elä oo latonut
3rd singular latokoo elköö latoko 3rd singular olkoo latont, olkoo latonut elköö olko latont, elköö olko latonut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural latokaa elkää latoko 2nd plural olkaa latoneet elkää olko latoneet
3rd plural latokoot elkööt latoko, elköö laottako 3rd plural olkoot latoneet elkööt olko latoneet, elköö olko laottu
impersonal laottakkoo elköö laottako impersonal olkoo laottu elköö olko laottu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular latonen en latone
2nd singular latonet et latone
3rd singular latonoo ei latone
1st plural latonemma emmä latone
2nd plural latonetta että latone
3rd plural latonoot evät latone, ei laottane
impersonal laottannoo ei laottane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st lattoa present latova laottava
2nd inessive latojees past latont, latonut laottu
instructive lattoen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (latokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative latomaa
inessive latomaas
elative latomast
abessive latomata
4th nominative latomiin
partitive latomista, latomist

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 252

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *latoidak.

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈlɑtoɑ̯/, [ˈɫɑtːoɑ̯]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtoɑ̯
  • Hyphenation: lat‧toa

Verb

lattoa

  1. (transitive) to stack

Inflection

Conjugation of lattoa (type II-1/kuttsua, t- gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular laon en lao 1st singular õõn latonnu en õõ latonnu
2nd singular laod ed lao 2nd singular õõd latonnu ed õõ latonnu
3rd singular laob eb lao 3rd singular on latonnu eb õõ latonnu
1st plural laommõ emmä lao 1st plural õõmmõ latonnu emmä õõ latonnu
2nd plural laottõ että lao 2nd plural õõttõ latonnu että õõ latonnu
3rd plural laota eväd lao 3rd plural õlla laottu eväd õõ laottu
impersonal laota eväd lao impersonal õlla laottu eväd õõ laottu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular latozin en latonnu 1st singular õlin latonnu —
2nd singular latozid ed latonnu 2nd singular õlid latonnu —
3rd singular lato eb latonnu 3rd singular õli latonnu —
1st plural latozimmõ emmä latonnu 1st plural õlimmõ latonnu —
2nd plural latozittõ että latonnu 2nd plural õlittõ latonnu —
3rd plural laotti eväd laottu 3rd plural õlti laottu —
impersonal laotti eväd laottu impersonal õlti laottu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular latoizin en latoizʹ 1st singular õllõizin latonnu en õllõizʹ latonnu
2nd singular latoizid ed latoizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid latonnu ed õllõizʹ latonnu
3rd singular latoizʹ eb latoizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ latonnu eb õllõizʹ latonnu
1st plural latoizimmõ emmä latoizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ latonnu emmä õllõizʹ latonnu
2nd plural latoizittõ että latoizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ latonnu että õllõizʹ latonnu
3rd plural laottaizʹ eväd laottaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ laottu eväd õltaizʹ laottu
impersonal laottaizʹ eväd laottaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ laottu eväd õltaizʹ laottu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular lao elä lao
3rd singular latogo1) elko latogo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural latoga elka latoga
3rd plural latogod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st lattoa present latojõ2) —
2nd illative latoma past latonnu laottu
inessive latomõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative latomõssõ
abessive latomõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “latoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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