puká

See also: puka

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpukaː]

Verb

puká

  1. third-person singular present of pukat

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

Historical spellings 
VLB (1622) pucâ / puca

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *puka. Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní puka.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /puˈka/
    • Rhymes: -a
    • Hyphenation: pu‧ká

    Verb

    puká (first-person singular active indicative apuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apukáî, noun puká) (intransitive)

    1. to laugh
      • 1622, anonymous author, “Rizada dar alta [To laugh aloud]”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 106; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
        Apucâpucu. Apucaatã.
        [Apukapuku. Apukaatã.]
        I laugh aloud.
        (literally, “I laugh longly. I laugh strongly.”)

    Conjugation

        Conjugation of puká (intransitive, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
    Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
    Causative momuká
    Causative-comitative eropuká
    Deverbals
    -ba'e opukaba'e
    -sab(a) pukasaba
    -sar(a) pukasara
    Singular Singular and Plural Plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
    Verbal forms
    Active
    Indicative apuká erepuká opuká oropuká îapuká pepuká
    Permissive t'apuká t'erepuká t'opuká t'oropuká t'îapuká ta pepuká
    Imperative epuká pepuká
    Negative indicative n'apukáî n'erepukáî n'opukáî n'oropukáî n'îapukáî na pepukáî
    Negative permissive t'apuká umẽ t'erepuká umẽ t'opuká umẽ t'oropuká umẽ t'îapuká umẽ ta pepuká umẽ
    Negative imperative epuká umẽ pepuká umẽ
    Gerund
    Affirmative gûipukábo epukábo opukábo oropukábo îapukábo pepukábo
    Negative gûipukae'yma epukae'yma opukae'yma oropukae'yma îapukae'yma pepukae'yma
    Nominal forms
    Infinitive
    Affirmative puká
    Negative pukae'yma
    Circumstantial
    Affirmative xe pukáû i pukáû oré pukáû îandé pukáû
    Negative xe pukae'ymi i pukae'ymi oré pukae'ymi îandé pukae'ymi
    • pukamirĩ
    • pukasûera

    Descendants

    • Nheengatu: puká

    References

    • anonymous author (1622), “Rir como quer [To laugh, in any case]”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 106: “Apucâ [Apuká]”
    • João de Arronches (1739), “RIR”, in Caderno da Lingua (overall work in Portuguese); republished as “O caderno da lingua ou Vocabulario Portuguez-Tupi”, in Plínio Ayrosa, editor, Revista do Museu Paulista, volume XXI, São Paulo: Imprensa Official do Estado, 1934, page 278: “pocá”
    • Frei Onofre (1751), “Rir, ou rirſe”, in José Mariano da Conceição Velloso, editor, Dicionario portuguez, e brasiliano (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Lisbon: Officina Patriarcal, published 1795, page 69, column 2: “pucâ”
    • Anton Meisterburg (a. 1756), “Rir ou rirse”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu; Pará, page 37r, column 21, line 1; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 239: “apocái […] apocápocái […] apocá [apukaî […] apukapukaî […] apuká]”
    • anonymous author (c. 1757), “Rir”, in [Vocabulario Portuguez–Brasilico] (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Ernesto Ferreira França, compiler, Chrestomathia da lingua brazilica, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859, page 117: “apucâ”
    • anonymous author (18th century), “Rir”, in Língua geral dos índios das Américas [General language of the Indians of the Americas]‎[1] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), page 1v, line 68: “pucâ”
    • Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1867), “rir”, in “Diccionario de Verbos: portuguez tupi-austral e alemâo”, in Wörtersammlung Brasilianischer Sprachen (Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerika’s zumal Brasiliens; II) (overall work in Portuguese and German), Leipzig: Friedrich Fleischer, page 119, column 2: “púcá”

    Further reading

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