raataa
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian страда́ть (stradátʹ, “to suffer, to drudge”) (whence also Ingrian raataa (“to work”), Karelian ruatua, ruadua (“to do”), Veps rata (“to drudge, toil”), Estonian raadama (“to clear (land)”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑːtɑːˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝ːt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑːtɑː
- Syllabification(key): raa‧taa
- Hyphenation(key): raa‧taa
Verb
raataa
Conjugation
| Inflection of raataa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | raadan | en raada | 1st sing. | olen raatanut | en ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | raadat | et raada | 2nd sing. | olet raatanut | et ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | raataa | ei raada | 3rd sing. | on raatanut | ei ole raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | raadamme | emme raada | 1st plur. | olemme raataneet | emme ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | raadatte | ette raada | 2nd plur. | olette raataneet | ette ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | raatavat | eivät raada | 3rd plur. | ovat raataneet | eivät ole raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | raadetaan | ei raadeta | passive | on raadettu | ei ole raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | raadoin | en raatanut | 1st sing. | olin raatanut | en ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | raadoit | et raatanut | 2nd sing. | olit raatanut | et ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | raatoi | ei raatanut | 3rd sing. | oli raatanut | ei ollut raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | raadoimme | emme raataneet | 1st plur. | olimme raataneet | emme olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | raadoitte | ette raataneet | 2nd plur. | olitte raataneet | ette olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | raatoivat | eivät raataneet | 3rd plur. | olivat raataneet | eivät olleet raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | raadettiin | ei raadettu | passive | oli raadettu | ei ollut raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | raataisin | en raataisi | 1st sing. | olisin raatanut | en olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | raataisit | et raataisi | 2nd sing. | olisit raatanut | et olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | raataisi | ei raataisi | 3rd sing. | olisi raatanut | ei olisi raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | raataisimme | emme raataisi | 1st plur. | olisimme raataneet | emme olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | raataisitte | ette raataisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte raataneet | ette olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | raataisivat | eivät raataisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat raataneet | eivät olisi raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | raadettaisiin | ei raadettaisi | passive | olisi raadettu | ei olisi raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | raada | älä raada | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | raatakoon | älköön raatako | 3rd sing. | olkoon raatanut | älköön olko raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | raatakaamme | älkäämme raatako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | raatakaa | älkää raatako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | raatakoot | älkööt raatako | 3rd plur. | olkoot raataneet | älkööt olko raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | raadettakoon | älköön raadettako | passive | olkoon raadettu | älköön olko raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | raatanen | en raatane | 1st sing. | lienen raatanut | en liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | raatanet | et raatane | 2nd sing. | lienet raatanut | et liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | raatanee | ei raatane | 3rd sing. | lienee raatanut | ei liene raatanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | raatanemme | emme raatane | 1st plur. | lienemme raataneet | emme liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | raatanette | ette raatane | 2nd plur. | lienette raataneet | ette liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | raatanevat | eivät raatane | 3rd plur. | lienevät raataneet | eivät liene raataneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | raadettaneen | ei raadettane | passive | lienee raadettu | ei liene raadettu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | raataa | present | raatava | raadettava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | raatanut | raadettu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | raataessa | raadettaessa | agent4 | raatama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | raatamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | raataen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | raatamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | raatamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | raatamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | raatamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | raatamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | raataman | raadettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | raataminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “raataa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023
Ingrian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian страдать (stradatʹ, “to suffer”). Compare Finnish raataa and Karelian ruatua.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrɑːtɑː/, [ˈrɑːtɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrɑːtɑː/, [ˈrɑːtɑː]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈrɑːtːɑk/, [ˈrɑːtːɑɡ̊]
- Rhymes: -ɑːtɑː
- Hyphenation: raa‧taa
Verb
raataa
- (intransitive) to work
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 50:
- Jot sais tööläiset ja kolhosnikat rauhallisest raataa.
- So that the workers and kolkhozniks can work peacefully.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of raataa (type 4/antaa, t- gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raaan | en raaa | 1st singular | oon raatant, oon raatanut | en oo raatant, en oo raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raaat | et raaa | 2nd singular | oot raatant, oot raatanut | et oo raatant, et oo raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raataa | ei raaa | 3rd singular | ono raatant, ono raatanut | ei oo raatant, ei oo raatanut |
| 1st plural | raaamma | emmä raaa | 1st plural | oomma raataneet | emmä oo raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raaatta | että raaa | 2nd plural | ootta raataneet | että oo raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raataat1), raatavat2), raaetaa | evät raaa, ei raaeta | 3rd plural | ovat raataneet | evät oo raataneet, ei oo raaettu |
| impersonal | raaetaa | ei raaeta | impersonal | ono raaettu | ei oo raaettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raaoin | en raatant, en raatanut | 1st singular | olin raatant, olin raatanut | en olt raatant, en olt raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raaoit | et raatant, et raatanut | 2nd singular | olit raatant, olit raatanut | et olt raatant, et olt raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raatoi | ei raatant, ei raatanut | 3rd singular | oli raatant, oli raatanut | ei olt raatant, ei olt raatanut |
| 1st plural | raaoimma | emmä raataneet | 1st plural | olimma raataneet | emmä olleet raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raaoitta | että raataneet | 2nd plural | olitta raataneet | että olleet raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raatoit1), raatoivat2), raaettii | evät raataneet, ei raaettu | 3rd plural | olivat raataneet | evät olleet raataneet, ei olt raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettii | ei raaettu | impersonal | oli raaettu | ei olt raaettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raataisin | en raatais | 1st singular | olisin raatant, olisin raatanut | en olis raatant, en olis raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raataisit, raataist1) | et raatais | 2nd singular | olisit raatant, olisit raatanut | et olis raatant, et olis raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raatais | ei raatais | 3rd singular | olis raatant, olis raatanut | ei olis raatant, ei olis raatanut |
| 1st plural | raataisimma | emmä raatais | 1st plural | olisimma raataneet | emmä olis raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raataisitta | että raatais | 2nd plural | olisitta raataneet | että olis raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raataisiit1), raataisivat2), raaettais | evät raatais, ei raaettais | 3rd plural | olisivat raataneet | evät olis raataneet, ei olis raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettais | ei raaettais | impersonal | olis raaettu | ei olis raaettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | raaa | elä raaa | 2nd singular | oo raatant, oo raatanut | elä oo raatant, elä oo raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raatakoo | elköö raatako | 3rd singular | olkoo raatant, olkoo raatanut | elköö olko raatant, elköö olko raatanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | raatakaa | elkää raatako | 2nd plural | olkaa raataneet | elkää olko raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raatakoot | elkööt raatako, elköö raaettako | 3rd plural | olkoot raataneet | elkööt olko raataneet, elköö olko raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettakkoo | elköö raaettako | impersonal | olkoo raaettu | elköö olko raaettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | raatanen | en raatane | |||
| 2nd singular | raatanet | et raatane | |||
| 3rd singular | raatanoo | ei raatane | |||
| 1st plural | raatanemma | emmä raatane | |||
| 2nd plural | raatanetta | että raatane | |||
| 3rd plural | raatanoot | evät raatane, ei raaettane | |||
| impersonal | raaettannoo | ei raaettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | raataa | present | raatava | raaettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | raatajees | past | raatant, raatanut | raaettu |
| instructive | raataen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (raatakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | raatamaa | |||
| inessive | raatamaas | ||||
| elative | raatamast | ||||
| abessive | raatamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | raatamiin | |||
| partitive | raatamista, raatamist | ||||
| Conjugation of raataa (type 3/kyntää, t- gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raaan | en raaa | 1st singular | oon raatant, oon raatanut | en oo raatant, en oo raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raaat | et raaa | 2nd singular | oot raatant, oot raatanut | et oo raatant, et oo raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raataa | ei raaa | 3rd singular | ono raatant, ono raatanut | ei oo raatant, ei oo raatanut |
| 1st plural | raaamma | emmä raaa | 1st plural | oomma raataneet | emmä oo raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raaatta | että raaa | 2nd plural | ootta raataneet | että oo raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raataat1), raatavat2), raaetaa | evät raaa, ei raaeta | 3rd plural | ovat raataneet | evät oo raataneet, ei oo raaettu |
| impersonal | raaetaa | ei raaeta | impersonal | ono raaettu | ei oo raaettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raasin | en raatant, en raatanut | 1st singular | olin raatant, olin raatanut | en olt raatant, en olt raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raasit | et raatant, et raatanut | 2nd singular | olit raatant, olit raatanut | et olt raatant, et olt raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raasi | ei raatant, ei raatanut | 3rd singular | oli raatant, oli raatanut | ei olt raatant, ei olt raatanut |
| 1st plural | raasimma | emmä raataneet | 1st plural | olimma raataneet | emmä olleet raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raasitta | että raataneet | 2nd plural | olitta raataneet | että olleet raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raasiit1), raasivat2), raaettii | evät raataneet, ei raaettu | 3rd plural | olivat raataneet | evät olleet raataneet, ei olt raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettii | ei raaettu | impersonal | oli raaettu | ei olt raaettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | raataisin | en raatais | 1st singular | olisin raatant, olisin raatanut | en olis raatant, en olis raatanut |
| 2nd singular | raataisit, raataist1) | et raatais | 2nd singular | olisit raatant, olisit raatanut | et olis raatant, et olis raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raatais | ei raatais | 3rd singular | olis raatant, olis raatanut | ei olis raatant, ei olis raatanut |
| 1st plural | raataisimma | emmä raatais | 1st plural | olisimma raataneet | emmä olis raataneet |
| 2nd plural | raataisitta | että raatais | 2nd plural | olisitta raataneet | että olis raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raataisiit1), raataisivat2), raaettais | evät raatais, ei raaettais | 3rd plural | olisivat raataneet | evät olis raataneet, ei olis raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettais | ei raaettais | impersonal | olis raaettu | ei olis raaettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | raaa | elä raaa | 2nd singular | oo raatant, oo raatanut | elä oo raatant, elä oo raatanut |
| 3rd singular | raatakoo | elköö raatako | 3rd singular | olkoo raatant, olkoo raatanut | elköö olko raatant, elköö olko raatanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | raatakaa | elkää raatako | 2nd plural | olkaa raataneet | elkää olko raataneet |
| 3rd plural | raatakoot | elkööt raatako, elköö raaettako | 3rd plural | olkoot raataneet | elkööt olko raataneet, elköö olko raaettu |
| impersonal | raaettakkoo | elköö raaettako | impersonal | olkoo raaettu | elköö olko raaettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | raatanen | en raatane | |||
| 2nd singular | raatanet | et raatane | |||
| 3rd singular | raatanoo | ei raatane | |||
| 1st plural | raatanemma | emmä raatane | |||
| 2nd plural | raatanetta | että raatane | |||
| 3rd plural | raatanoot | evät raatane, ei raaettane | |||
| impersonal | raaettannoo | ei raaettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | raataa | present | raatava | raaettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | raatajees | past | raatant, raatanut | raaettu |
| instructive | raataen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (raatakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | raatamaa | |||
| inessive | raatamaas | ||||
| elative | raatamast | ||||
| abessive | raatamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | raatamiin | |||
| partitive | raatamista, raatamist | ||||
Synonyms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 470
- Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014), Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[2], →ISBN, page 74