selber
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzɛlbər/, [ˈzɛl.bɐ], (southern also) [s-]
Audio (Germany): (file) Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: sel‧ber
Etymology 1
From Middle High German selber, fossiled strong masculine nominative of selp (“the same”). Thus identical to etymology 2 below with loss of inflection. Doublet of selbst, which is a fossiled genitive (with paragogic -t).
Pronoun
selber (demonstrative, invariable) (often slightly informal)
- self (as in myself, yourself, himself etc.)
- Synonyms: selbst; (with people also) persönlich, in persona, leibhaftig
- In den Randgemeinden leben mittlerweile mehr Menschen als in der Stadt selber.
- There are now more people living in the bordering municipalities than in the city itself.
- by oneself, on one's own, alone
- Synonyms: selbst; allein, eigenhändig, eigenständig, selbstständig
- Dafür brauche ich keinen Handwerker, das kann ich selber machen.
- I don’t need a craftsperson for this, I can do it (by) myself.
Usage notes
- Some dictionaries label this word “colloquial”, which is a stark overstatement. Duden’s tag “especially colloquial” is correct insofar as the written language prefers selbst. However, this does not mean that selber is rare in formal prose, just less frequent.
- In contexts where selbst is ambiguous between the senses “self” and “even”, selber has the advantage of dissolving this ambiguity. Compare: Er sagte, dass er selbst sonntags arbeite. (“He said that he himself worked on Sundays / that he worked even on Sundays.”). Here, selber can be used to establish the former reading (and sogar to establish the latter one).
Etymology 2
From Middle High German selp, from Old High German selb, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. More at self.
Pronoun
selber (demonstrative, inflected)
- the same
- 1752, Franciscus Peikhart, Lucas, Oder Erklärung der Evangelischen Beschreibung Lucæ, Wien, page 813:
- Erschröcklich muß der Tag des Gerichts in sich selber seyn einem jeden Christen, als welchen die Göttliche Schrifft an so viel Orten überzeuget, daß selber Tag von GOtt nicht nur zur Belohnung deren Gerechten, sondern auch zur Abstraffung deren Gottlosen bestellet seye.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- F. Lubojatzky, Der Weltkampf gegen Rußland und seine großen Ereignisse, Löbau, p. 379:
- In Kleinasien dagegen gewannen sie an selbem Tage das Treffen bei Tschuruksu.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2001, Thomas Etzemüller, Sozialgeschichte als politische Geschichte: Werner Conze und die Neuorientierung der westdeutschen Geschichtswissenschaft nach 1945, page 208:
- Mit selbem Tenor: [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2011, Bernd Fischl, Alternative Unternehmensfinanzierung für den deutschen Mittelstand. 2. Auflage, page 3:
- [...] Abschlussbericht zur Umfrage mit selbem Titel [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
- Chiefly used with the definite article and then written as one word (see derselbe). However, the forms selbe and selben commonly occur on their own, namely (a) when the article contracts with a preposition (ins selbe, zum selben ≈ in dasselbe, zu demselben), and (b) after other determiners (e.g. dieser selbe, jenen selben).
- Use without an article or determiner is occasionally encountered after prepositions; compare mit selbem Titel (“of the same title”) in the quotations above. Otherwise it is now rare and chiefly archaic.
Declension
declension of selber
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| strong (without article) | nominative | selber | selbe | selbes | selbe |
| genitive | selbes | selber | selbes | selber | |
| dative | selbem | selber | selbem | selben | |
| accusative | selben | selbe | selbes | selbe | |
| weak (with definite article) | nominative | selbe | selbe | selbe | selben |
| genitive | selben | selben | selben | selben | |
| dative | selben | selben | selben | selben | |
| accusative | selben | selbe | selbe | selben | |