smeagan

Old English

FWOTD – 28 December 2018

Alternative forms

Etymology

From pre-Old English *smauhōjan,[1][2] an extended form of *smauhōn.[3] The verb was contracted after loss of intervocalic -h- (compare twēoġan, sċōġan). Equivalent to smēag (penetrating, acute, subtle, effective, clever) +‎ -ian. Ultimately from the root of Proto-Germanic *smeuganą (to creep, slip through). Akin to Old English smūgan (to creep, progress gradually or deliberately), Old Norse smjúga (to creep) (> Danish smyge), Old English smyġel (a burrow, place to creep into).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsmæ͜ɑː.jɑn/

Verb

smēaġan[4]

  1. consider, think about
  2. meditate
  3. examine, scrutinize, question
    • Lindisfarne Gospels, Mark 8:11:
      And þa ferdon ða pharisei ⁊ ongunnon mid him smeagean ⁊ tacen of heofone sohton ⁊ his fandedon;
      And the Pharisees came forth, and began to question with him, seeking of him a sign from heaven, tempting him. (KJV)
    • Lindisfarne Gospels, Mark 9:16:
      Þa ahsode he hi, hwæt smeage ge betwux eow;
      And he asked them, What question ye among yourselves?

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle English: smeagen, smegen, smeaȝen, smean

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 360:pre-OE *smauhōjan
  2. ^ Hogg, Richard M.; Fulk, R. D. (2011), A Grammar of Old English: Volume 2: Morphology, page 285:Thus, inf. smēaġan 'consider' reflects NSGmc *smauxō-jan, whilst pres.ind.3sg. smēaþ reflects *smauxō-þ.
  3. ^ Campbell, Alistair (1959), Old English grammar, Oxford University Press, page 335:The stems from which these were conjugated in Gmc. were *smauχōi̯-, *smauχō-
  4. ^ Hogg, Richard; Fulk, R. D. (2011), A Grammar of Old English, volume 2: Morphology, Oxford: Blackwell, →ISBN, page 285:
    Thus, there were two stems within the OE paradigm, smēaġ- and smēa- [...] and in all dialects but Kt and the dialect of PsGl(A), the latter stem could be substituted for the former, leading to innovations like Bo 41.146.21 smēan pres.subj.pl., Li smēas pres.ind.pl., smēande pres.part. Only in Li smēaġe, Ru2 smēoġe imper.sg. do we see replacement of the latter stem by the former, if these are not in fact infinitives.