tūlda

See also: tulda

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuldak, from Proto-Uralic *tole-.[1] Compare Estonian tulema.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtuːldɑ/, [ˈt̪uːld̪ɑ]

Verb

tūlda

  1. (intransitive) to come, arrive, show up
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “tūlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
      se brik um tund Sīkrõgõl aigõ
      this brig has come to Sīkrags' coast
      sǟl um seļļi aerodrōm, kus tulbõd mōzõ ne helikopterõd
      there is this aerodrome where these helicopters land (lit. come to ground)
      sa tulād neiku salāj īezõ
      you come like a thief in the night
      tulgid, neitsõd, vaņțlõmõ!
      come, maidens, behold!
      ta tuļ ulzõ tūlõ
      he came out in the wind
      alā tul min sīlma alā!
      don't come near me / I don't ever want to see you again! (lit. don't come in my eyes!)
      kunā tēg tultõ?
      when will you come? (lit. when do you come?)
  2. (intransitive) to come (open, undone, etc.), give in, move
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “tūlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[2] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
      āmbaz tulāb vāldiņ ja tulāb ulzõ
      the tooth comes loose and comes out
  3. (intransitive) to (start to) charge at (someone), overwhelm
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “tūlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
      izānd tuļ tämmõn pǟlõ
      landowner was charging at him
  4. (intransitive) to come out, end up being (a certain quality)
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “tūlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[4] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
      sīemnāiga tulāb jõvā
      the food will come out good

Conjugation

Conjugation of tūlda (11)
infinitive tūlda supine tu’lmõ active participle tund
gerund tuldsõ supine abessive tu’lmõt passive participle tuldõd
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn) 		2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn) 		3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn) 		1st person
(e’žmi pärsōn) 		2nd person
(tuoi pärsōn) 		3rd person
(kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga) 		tulāb tulād tulāb tu’lmõ tu’ltõ tu’lbõd
past
(lǟ’ndāiga) 		tu’ļ tu’ļd tu’ļ tu’ļmõ tu’ļtõ tu’ļtõ
future
perfect 		līb tund līd tund līb tund līm(õ) tunnõd līt(õ) tunnõd lībõd tunnõd
indicative
negative 		ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
present
(paldīņāiga) 		ä’b tu’l ä’d tu’l ä’b tu’l ä’b tu’lmõ ät tu’ltõ ä’b tu’ltõ
past
(lǟ’ndāiga) 		i’z tu’l i’zt tu’l i’z tu’l i’z tu’lmõ i’zt tu’ltõ i’zt tu’ltõ
future
perfect 		ä’b lī tund ä’d lī tund ä’b lī tund ä’b līm(õ) tunnõd ät līt(õ) tunnõd ä’b līt(õ) tunnõd
— (sa) — (mēg) (tēg) —
imperative —1 tu’l! —1 (tulgõm!2) tulgid! —1
imperative negative —3 alā tu’l! —3 (algõm tulgõm!2) algid tulgid! —3
ma sa ta mēg tēg ne
conditional tulks tulkst tulks tulksmõ tulkstõ tulkstõ
conditional negative ä’b tulks ä’d tulkst ä’b tulks ä’b tulksmõ ät tulkstõ ä’b tulkstõ
jussive tulgõ tulgõ tulgõ tulgõd tulgõd tulgõd
jussive negative algõ tulgõ algõ tulgõ algõ tulgõ algõd tulgõd algõd tulgõd algõd tulgõd
quotative tuļļi tuļļi tuļļi tuļļid tuļļid tuļļid
debitive mi’nnõn si’nnõn tä’mmõn mä’ddõn tä’ddõn näntõn
u’m tu’lmõst u’m tu’lmõst u’m tu’lmõst u’m tu’lmõst u’m tu’lmõst u’m tu’lmõst

1) imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (“so that”) + jussive: la’z ma/ta tulgõ, la’z ne tulgõd
2) rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg tulgõd
3) possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta tulgõ, algõd ne tulgõd

References

  1. ^ “tulema”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “tūlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[5] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
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