temno

Latin

Etymology

Disputed.

  • Rix lists the term as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *tm̥-ne-h₁-ti, a nasal-infix from *temh₁- (“to cut”).
  • De Vaan argues that temnō is likely a back-formation from contemnō, as contemnō has much older attestations than temnō. De Vaan agrees, however, that the ending -temnere most likely derives from a nasal-infix of the root *temh₁- (“to cut”). Though, De Vaan suggests that it could also be explained from *stemb- (“shake violently”).
  • The linguist Gerhard Meiser has suggested that the perfect form -tempsī emerged via the contamination of a possible s-aorist belonging to the root *stemb-. However, the form could have emerged without any such influence, as perfect stems marked by *-psī emerged in many Latin verbs ending with a labial stop.

See also Latin tondeō, tempus, templum, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō).

Pronunciation

Verb

temnō (present infinitive temnere, perfect active tempsī or temsī, supine temptum or temtum); third conjugation

  1. to despise, scorn, defy, treat with contempt, be disdainful, slight
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.542–543:
      “Sī genus hūmānum et mortālia temnitis arma,
      at spērāte deōs memorēs fandī atque nefandī.”
      “If you despise the human race and mortal armor, at least expect the gods [to be] mindful of [those actions] which are speakable and also the abominable [actions; i.e., right and wrong].”

Conjugation

   Conjugation of temnō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present temnō temnis temnit temnimus temnitis temnunt
imperfect temnēbam temnēbās temnēbat temnēbāmus temnēbātis temnēbant
future temnam temnēs temnet temnēmus temnētis temnent
perfect tempsī,
temsī 		tempsistī,
temsistī 		tempsit,
temsit 		tempsimus,
temsimus 		tempsistis,
temsistis 		tempsērunt,
tempsēre,
temsērunt,
temsēre
pluperfect tempseram,
temseram 		tempserās,
temserās 		tempserat,
temserat 		tempserāmus,
temserāmus 		tempserātis,
temserātis 		tempserant,
temserant
future perfect tempserō,
temserō 		tempseris,
temseris 		tempserit,
temserit 		tempserimus,
temserimus 		tempseritis,
temseritis 		tempserint,
temserint
passive present temnor temneris,
temnere 		temnitur temnimur temniminī temnuntur
imperfect temnēbar temnēbāris,
temnēbāre 		temnēbātur temnēbāmur temnēbāminī temnēbantur
future temnar temnēris,
temnēre 		temnētur temnēmur temnēminī temnentur
perfect temptus or temtus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect temptus or temtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect temptus or temtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present temnam temnās temnat temnāmus temnātis temnant
imperfect temnerem temnerēs temneret temnerēmus temnerētis temnerent
perfect tempserim,
temserim 		tempserīs,
temserīs 		tempserit,
temserit 		tempserīmus,
temserīmus 		tempserītis,
temserītis 		tempserint,
temserint
pluperfect tempsissem,
temsissem 		tempsissēs,
temsissēs 		tempsisset,
temsisset 		tempsissēmus,
temsissēmus 		tempsissētis,
temsissētis 		tempsissent,
temsissent
passive present temnar temnāris,
temnāre 		temnātur temnāmur temnāminī temnantur
imperfect temnerer temnerēris,
temnerēre 		temnerētur temnerēmur temnerēminī temnerentur
perfect temptus or temtus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect temptus or temtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — temne — — temnite —
future — temnitō temnitō — temnitōte temnuntō
passive present — temnere — — temniminī —
future — temnitor temnitor — — temnuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present temnere temnī temnēns —
future temptūrum esse,
temtūrum esse 		temptum īrī,
temtum īrī 		temptūrus,
temtūrus 		temnendus,
temnundus
perfect tempsisse,
temsisse 		temptum esse,
temtum esse 		— temptus,
temtus
future perfect — temptum fore,
temtum fore 		— —
perfect potential temptūrum fuisse,
temtūrum fuisse 		— — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
temnendī temnendō temnendum temnendō temptum,
temtum 		temptū,
temtū

Derived terms

References

  • “temno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “temno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “temno”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • temno in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 609-610
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 625
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1063
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 583
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