togedere

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old English tōgædere, tōgædre; compare gaderen, gederen (to gather).[1]

Forms with /a/ and /ɛ/ continue the Old English forms tōgædere and tōgedere respectively, while forms with /i/ represent a tendency to raise /ɛ/ before dentals, especially in Northern Middle English (as in Middle Scots togiddir).[2] Spellings reflecting a pronunciation with /ð/, like modern standard together, start sporadically appearing in the late 14th century, but do not predominate until Early Modern English.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /toːˈɡad(ə)rə/, /toːˈɡadər/, /toːˈɡɛd(ə)rə/, /toːˈɡɛdər/, /tɔ-/
  • IPA(key): /toːˈɡid(ə)rə/, /toːˈɡidər/, /tɔ-/ (with raising)

Adverb

togedere

  1. Two or more gathered in one place; sharing each other's company.
  2. In a state of being an assembled whole or single entity. (of parts)
  3. In a state of being physically joined.
  4. In such a way as to draw nearer; towards each other.
  5. With reciprocity; mutually.
  6. At the same time; simultaneously.
  7. In immediate succession.
  8. (by extension) Joined by marriage, friendship or other bonds.

Synonyms

Descendants

  • English: together
  • Middle Scots: togiddir

References

  1. ^ tọ̄̆geder, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 April 2018.
  2. ^ Jordan, Richard (1974),  Eugene Crook, transl., Handbook of the Middle English Grammar: Phonology (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 218)‎[1], The Hague: Mouton & Co. N.V., →DOI, § 34, page 60.