vȱlda

See also: Volda

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *oldak.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈvɤːldɑ/, [ˈvɤːld̪ɑ]

Verb

vȱlda

(intransitive) to be
- Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “vȱlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
  laz ka vȯlkõ
  so be it
  
  vȯlkõ pǟl
  scratch that, let it be
  
  vȯlkõ mis vȯldsõ (~ vȯlkõ kui vȯldsõ)
  be whatever may be
  
  vȯlgid nei lõpsnā!
  be so kind [as to...]
  
  minnõn äb ūo sinstõ äb lemmõ, äb kilmõ
  I couldn't care less about you (lit. "to me it is neither warm nor cold from you")
  
  sa äd ūo mägūd tagān, sa ūod rovd barāsõ
  you are not living in wilderness (lit. "you are not over mountains,") you are among people
(impersonal + dative) to have (possess)

Conjugation

Conjugation of **vȱlda** (10)

infinitive	vȱlda	supine		vȯ’lmõ	active participle		vȯnd
gerund	vȯldsõ	supine abessive		vȯ’lmõt	passive participle		vȯldõd
		singular (ikšlu’g)			plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
		1^st person (e’žmi pärsōn)	2^nd person (tuoi pärsōn)	3^rd person (kuolmõz pärsōn)	1^st person (e’žmi pärsōn)	2^nd person (tuoi pärsōn)	3^rd person (kuolmõz pärsōn)
indicative		ma	sa	ta	mēg	tēg	ne
	present (paldīņāiga)	u’m	ūod	u’m	ūom ūomõ	ūot ūotõ	at ātõ
	past (lǟ’ndāiga)	vȯ’ļ	vȯ’ļd	vȯ’ļ	vȯ’ļmõ	vȯ’ļt vȯ’ļtõ	vȯ’ļt vȯ’ļtõ
	future perfect	līb vȯnd	līd vȯnd	līb vȯnd	līm(õ) vȯnnõd	līt(õ) vȯnnõd	lībõd vȯnnõd

indicative negative		ma	sa	ta	mēg	tēg	ne
	present (paldīņāiga)	ä’b ūo	ä’d ūo	ä’b ūo	ä’b ūom ä’b ūomõ	ät ūot ät ūotõ	ä’b ūot ä’b ūotõ
	past (lǟ’ndāiga)	i’z ūo	i’zt ūo	i’z ūo	i’z ūom i’z ūomõ	i’zt ūot i’zt ūotõ	i’zt ūot i’zt ūotõ
	future perfect	ä’b lī vȯnd	ä’d lī vȯnd	ä’b lī vȯnd	ä’b līm(õ) vȯnnõd	ät līt(õ) vȯnnõd	ä’b līt(õ) vȯnnõd

		—	(sa)	—	(mēg)	(tēg)	—
imperative		—¹	vȯ’l!	—¹	(vȯlgõm!²)	vȯlgid!	—¹
imperative negative		—³	alā vȯ’l!	—³	(algõm vȯlgõm!²)	algid vȯlgid!	—³

		ma	sa	ta	mēg	tēg	ne
conditional		vȯlks	vȯlkst	vȯlks	vȯlksmõ	vȯlkstõ	vȯlkstõ
conditional negative		ä’b vȯlks	ä’d vȯlkst	ä’b vȯlks	ä’b vȯlksmõ	ät vȯlkstõ	ä’b vȯlkstõ
jussive		vȯlkõ	vȯlkõ	vȯlkõ	vȯlkõd	vȯlkõd	vȯlkõd
jussive negative		algõ vȯlkõ	algõ vȯlkõ	algõ vȯlkõ	algõd vȯlkõd	algõd vȯlkõd	algõd vȯlkõd
quotative		vȯļļi	vȯļļi	vȯļļi	vȯļļid	vȯļļid	vȯļļid

debitive		mi’nnõn	si’nnõn	tä’mmõn	mä’ddõn	tä’ddõn	näntõn
debitive		u’m vȯ’lmõst	u’m vȯ’lmõst	u’m vȯ’lmõst	u’m vȯ’lmõst	u’m vȯ’lmõst	u’m vȯ’lmõst

¹⁾ imperative-like constructions possible with la’z (“so that”) + jussive: la’z ma/ta vȯlkõ, la’z ne vȯlkõd
²⁾ rare, using indicative present more common, la’z + jussive construction possible: la’z mēg vȯlkõd
³⁾ possible to imply an indirect request by using jussive negative: algõ ma/ta vȯlkõ, algõd ne vȯlkõd

References

Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “vȱlda”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra