vigeo

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps a stative form from the Proto-Indo-European root *weǵ- (“to be lively”), perhaps via Proto-Italic *wegēō. De Vaan and Sihler relate the term to vegeō, which De Vaan argues is indicative of an original adjective *weg-o- (“active, alive, awake”), which De Vaan suggests may be the source of the Latin term. The *-i- is unexpected in the Latin form.

Pronunciation

Verb

vigeō (present infinitive vigēre, perfect active viguī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

  1. to be vigorous or thriving; thrive, flourish
    Synonyms: polleo, possum, valeō, praevaleō, queō
    Antonym: nequeō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.175:
      Mōbilitāte viget, vīrēsque adquīrit eundō.
      [Rumor] thrives on swift action, and gains strength by going forth.
  2. to be in honor, esteem or repute; prosper
    • c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 4.20:
      neque tamen temperamenti egebat, cum aequabili auctoritate et gratia apud Tiberium viguerit
      nor however did he lack discretion, since he was held in esteem equally with authority and favour with Tiberius
  3. to be alive, live

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vigeō (second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present vigeō vigēs viget vigēmus vigētis vigent
imperfect vigēbam vigēbās vigēbat vigēbāmus vigēbātis vigēbant
future vigēbō vigēbis vigēbit vigēbimus vigēbitis vigēbunt
perfect viguī viguistī viguit viguimus viguistis viguērunt,
viguēre
pluperfect vigueram viguerās viguerat viguerāmus viguerātis viguerant
future perfect viguerō vigueris viguerit viguerimus vigueritis viguerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present vigeam vigeās vigeat vigeāmus vigeātis vigeant
imperfect vigērem vigērēs vigēret vigērēmus vigērētis vigērent
perfect viguerim viguerīs viguerit viguerīmus viguerītis viguerint
pluperfect viguissem viguissēs viguisset viguissēmus viguissētis viguissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — vigē — — vigēte —
future — vigētō vigētō — vigētōte vigentō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present vigēre — vigēns —
perfect viguisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
vigendī vigendō vigendum vigendō — —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Italian: vigere
  • Portuguese: viger

References

  • “vigeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “vigeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “vigeo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be in the prime of life: aetate florere, vigere
    • a rumour is prevalent: rumor, fama viget
    • learning, scientific knowledge is flourishing: artium studia or artes vigent (not florent)
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 44
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 657-658
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